Islomdagi sud tizimi faqat shariat asosiga qurilgan. Shuni esda tutishimiz kerakki, Islom to'liq qo'llanmaguncha adolatni to'liq ta'minlab bo'lmaydi. Aks holda Allohning amrlaridan bir qismini tark etish va masalani hal etishda insonning hukmi yanada yaxshi uddalaydi, deb qabul qilish bo'lar edi. Bu nafaqat jamiyat farovonligining buzilishiga olib keladi, balki Alloh (swt) haqiqatan ham Hukmron emas, degan e'tirofdir. Qur'onda Alloh (swt) Payg'ambarga ﷺ quyidagilarni aytganini ko'ramiz:

The judicial system in Islam is solely based on the Shari‘ah. We must be mindful of the fact that justice cannot be fully served until and unless Islam is applied in its totality. To do otherwise, would mean leaving parts of Allah’s commandments and accepting the rule of man as better able to cope with the issue at hand. This not only leads to the disruption of the society’s well-being but is also an acknowledgement that Allah (swt) is not truly the Sovereign. We find in the Qur’an, Allah (swt) says to the Prophet (saw) :

"Yo'q, Rabbingiz nomiga qasamki, ular o'rtasida yuzaga kelgan barcha nizolarda seni hakam qilmaguncha va sening hukmlaringga ko'nglida hech qanday qarshilik topmay, to'liq ishonch bilan qabul qilmaguncha, ular haqiqiy iymonga ega bo'la olmaydilar." [TMQ 4:65].

“But no by your Lord they can have no (real) faith until they make you judge in all disputes between them and in their souls find no resistance against your decisions but accept them with the fullest conviction.” [TMQ 4:65].

Islom sud tizimining batafsil tavsifi boshqa joyda berilgan (qarang: Sud tizimi), ammo bu yerda boshqaruv tizimi bilan sudlar o'rtasidagi munosabatni ko'rib chiqish foydalidir.

The details of the Islamic judicial system are discussed elsewhere (see the Judicial System), but it is useful to discuss here the relationship of the ruling system with the courts.

Islom tizimidagi sudyalarning bu toifasi xalq bilan davlat o‘rtasida yuzaga keladigan nizolarni hal etuvchi sudyalardan iborat. Bu sudyaning vakolati Islom davlatida Mahkamat al-Madhaalim (Zulm ishlari sudi) deb ataladigan sud doirasida amal qiladi. Mohiyatan, Zulm ishlari sudining bu sudyasi Islom davlatidagi barcha zulm holatlarini bartaraf etish uchun tayinlanadi, bu zulm xalifa, hokimlar yoki davlatning boshqa har qanday mansabdori tomonidan sodir etilgan bo‘lsa ham. Xalq bilan Islom davlatining mansabdorlari o‘rtasidagi nizolarda ushbu sud sudyasi Shariat ko‘rsatmalarini e’tiborsiz qoldirish yoki xalqqa nisbatan zulm qilinganligi isbotlangach, davlat mansabdorini lavozimidan chetlatish huquqiga ega.

This category of judges within the ruling system of Islam consists of judges who settle disputes arising among the people and the State. This judge has jurisdiction within a court called Mahkamat al-Madhaalim (the Court of Unjust Acts) in the Islamic State. In essence, this judge of the Court of Unjust Acts is appointed to remove all unjust acts within the Islamic State, whether they are committed by the Khaleefah, governors, or any other official of the State. In cases of disputes between the people and the officials of the Islamic State, the judge of this court has the right to dismiss the official of the State once his negligence of the Shari‘ah or injustice committed upon the people is established.

Misol tariqasida, bu sud Islom Davlati tomonidan amalga oshirilgan, fuqarolarga nisbatan kamsitish bilan bog‘liq, Shari‘atni noto‘g‘ri qo‘llash, Shari‘at yoki Islom Davlati Konstitutsiyasini noto‘g‘ri talqin qilish, Xalifaga berilgan maslahatlarga Xalifaning e’tiborsizlik bilan munosabatda bo‘lishi, Islom Davlati fuqarolariga asossiz soliq solish va boshqa shunga o‘xshash barcha ishlarni tekshirishi mumkin.

As examples, this court may investigate all matters executed by the Islamic State involving discrimination upon citizens, improper application of the Shari‘ah, improper interpretation of the Shari‘ah or the Constitution of the Islamic State, negligence by the Khaleefah of the opinions given to him, forcing a tax unduly upon the citizens of the Islamic State, etc.

Xalifaning Shariat ko'rsatmalariga e'tiborsizligi bilan bog'liq holat o'rganilganda qiziq vaziyat yuzaga keladi. Qodi al-Mazolim yo xalifaning harakatlari foydasiga, yo unga qarshi hukm chiqarishi kerak bo'ladi. Agar hukm xalifa foydasiga bo'lsa, xalifaning vakolati saqlanib qoladi va, aslida, ish to'g'ri deb topiladi hamda e'tiborsizlik sifatida ko'rilmaydi. Agar esa qozi xalifaga qarshi hukm chiqarsa, bu Shariatga e'tiborsizlik ekanini anglatadi, xalifa qozining hukmiga bo'ysunishi shart. Agar u bunga amal qilmasa, qozi Shariatga e'tiborsizlik asosida xalifani lavozimidan chetlatishga vakolatli bo'ladi.

An interesting situation arises when a case is studied involving the Khaleefah’s negligence of the Shari‘ah. The Qadi al-Madhaalim will have to either pass a judgement in favour of the actions of the Khaleefah or against him. If it is in favour of the Khaleefah, then the Khaleefah’s mandate will remain, and will, in fact, render the case as being proper and not negligence. If, on the other hand, the judge decides against the Khaleefah, which entails negligence of the Shari‘ah, the Khaleefah must abide by the judgement of the judge. If he fails to do so, the judge will be authorised to remove the Khaleefah from his position on the grounds of negligence of Shari‘ah.