9.3.3 Musulmonlarning ta'lim muassasalari
9.3.3 The Muslims’ Educational Institutions
(1) Al-Katatib: "kuttab" so'zining ko'plik shakli bo'lib, Qur'on o'qish-yozish va hisob-kitob o'rgatiladigan joyni anglatadi. Bu katatib Islom davlati hukmronligi davomida shaharlarda va qishloqlarda mavjud bo'lgan.
(1) Al-Katatib: Which is the plural of kuttab, is the place where the Qur’an writing and calculating are taught. These katatib were present throughout the reign of the Islamic State in the cities and villages.
(2) Masjidlar: Olimlar va hadis ilmi mutaxassislari katta markaziy masjidlarda ilmiy halqalar tashkil etar edilar. Ular shu yerda o'tirib fiqh, tafsir, til va hadis masalalarini o'qitar yoki muhokama qilar edilar; bu halqalarga ularning shogirdlari qatnashar edi.
(2) The Mosques: The scholars and the hadith experts used to hold study circles in the majestic central mosques, where they used to sit and teach or debate matters of fiqh, tafseer, language and hadith; these used to be attended by their pupils.
(3) Qur’on markazlari: Qur’on o‘qitish uchun alohida markaz tashkil etgan birinchi shaxs qabul qiluvchi Rasho ibn Natif al-Dimashqiy bo‘lib, bu Damashqda Hijriy 400-yilda sodir bo‘lgan.
(3) The Qur’an centres: The first to establish a separate centre for the teaching of Qur’an was the receptor Rasha ibn Nathif al-Dimashqi, and that was in Damascus in the year 400 Hijri.
(4) Hadis markazlari: Hadis ilmini o‘qitishga ixtisoslashgan birinchi markazni ham Dimashqda asos solgan kishi al-Malik al-Odil Nuriddin Mahmud al-Zanki bo‘ldi.
(4) The Hadith centres: The first to establish a centre specialising in the teaching of hadith was al-Malik al-Adil Nureddine Mahmud al- Zanki, in Damascus as well.
(5) Maktablar: Bular Hijriy beshinchi asrda Damashqda tashkil etilgan. Har bir fan uchun alohida maktab bo‘lgan, masalan, Damashqdagi fuqarolik muhandisligi maktabi va tibbiyot maktabi.
(5) The Schools: These were established in the fifth century of Hijrah in Damascus; there was a school for every subject such as the school of civil engineering in Damascus and the school of medicine.
(6) Universitetlar: Ular Hijriy beshinchi asrning o‘rtalarida tashkil etilgan. Al-Hakam ibn Abdul Rahman o‘sha davrning eng mashhur ta’lim markazlaridan biri bo‘lgan Kordova universitetiga asos solgan. Boshqa universitetlar ham ko‘plab joylarda, masalan, Bag‘doddagi Mustansiriya universitetida tashkil etilgan. Butun Yevropadan talabalar bunday o‘quv muassasalariga qabul qilinishga intilganlar.
(6) The Universities: These were established in the middle of the fifth century Hijri. Al-Hakam ibn Abdul Rahman established the university of Cordoba which was one of the most famous centres of education at the time. Other universities were established in many places such as the Mustansiryya university in Baghdad. Students from all over Europe sought admission to these types of institutions.
Bu universitetlar dunyo ilmi bugun erishgan ixtirolar sohasida ta'sirli rol o'ynagan ko'plab olimlarni tarbiyalagan, jumladan Al-Xorazmiy, Ibn al-Haytham, Ibn Sino, Jobir ibn Hayyon, Al-Roziy va boshqalarni.
These universities educated many scholars who played an influential part in what the world of science has reached today in terms of inventions, such as Al-Khwarizmi, Ibn al-Haytham, Ibn Sina, Jabir ibn Hayyan, Al-Razi and others.