Islomda iqtisodiy tizimni yoritish uchun, avvalo, Islomning moddiy farovonlikka intilishga bo‘lgan munosabatini aniqlashtirib olishimiz kerak. Chunki “dunyo” (hayot) so‘zi, ya’ni moddiy boylik yoki dunyoviy ishlar bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan bu atama ko‘plab musulmonlar orasida salbiy ma’noga ega bo‘lib qoldi.

In order to address the Economic System in Islam, we first of all need to clarify the position of Islam in relation to the quest for material well being. This is because the word dunya (life), which is associated with material wealth or worldly matters has become a dirty word for many Muslims.

Dīn dan dunyoning ajratilishi (ya'ni dunyoviylik, ya'ni sekulyarizmning namoyon bo'lishi) G'arb-xristian tushunchasi bo'lib, so'nggi paytlarda musulmonlar orasida keng o'zlashtirilmoqda. Natijada iqtisodiy yoki dunyoviy masalalarda ko'proq intilish yomon ko'riladi, shaxsiy ibodatlar, jumladan namoz va boshqa ibodatlarda uzluksiz mashg'ul bo'lish esa savobli deb hisoblanadi. Shu sababli ko'plab musulmonlar chalkashib, ikki xil hayot kechiradilar. Bir tomondan, pul gapiradi: u mavqe beradi va hayotni qulay qiladi, shuning uchun uni g'ayrat bilan izlaydilar. Boshqa tomondan, ular o'zlarini aybdor his qiladilar, chunki o'z kuch-g'ayratlarini "diniy" burchlarga sarflashlari kerak deb o'ylaydilar.

The separation of deen from dunya (i.e. the manifestation of secularism) is a Western-Christian concept that has recently become widely internalised amongst Muslims. Consequently, seeking to increase in economic or worldly matters is frowned upon, while continuous engagement in prayer and other personal ibadat is regarded as rewardable. As such, many Muslims get confused and conduct a double life. On the one hand, money talks; it gives status and makes life comfortable, so they seek it vigorously. On the other, they feel guilty, thinking that their effort should be spent on ‘religious’ duties.

Bu iqtisodiy masalaning Islomdagi o‘rni haqida noto‘g‘ri tushunchadan kelib chiqadi. Shubhasiz, Islom rohbonlikka qarshi bo‘lib, insonning (Shariat asosidagi) iqtisodiy faoliyatini juda qonuniy, ba’zan hatto majburiy va zarur deb biladi. Islomda buni nazarda tutuvchi ko‘plab hukmlar bor. Masalan, Alloh (SWT) Qur’onda shunday deydi: “Yer yuzida tarqalinglar…”

This is due to a misunderstanding of the position of the economic question in Islam. There is no doubt that Islam is opposed to monasticism and views the economic activities (based upon the Shari‘ah) of man as quite lawful and sometimes even obligatory and necessary. We find many injunctions in Islam that allude to this. For example, Allah (swt) says in the Qur’an: “Disperse through.

“Yer yuzida tarqalinglar va Allohning fazlidan izlanglar.” [TMQ 62:10].

“Disperse through the land and seek the bounty of Allah.” [TMQ 62:10].

U bundan tashqari aytadi,

He also says,.

"Alloh savdoni halol qildi" [TMQ 2:275].

“Allah has permitted trade” [TMQ 2:275].

Va yana ham to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri, Alloh (SWT) aytadi:

and even more directly, Allah (swt) says,.

“Sen Alloh sanga ato etgan narsalar orqali oxiratni izla va dunyodagi ulushingni unutma.” [TMQ 28:77].

“Seek the other world by means of that which Allah has bestowed upon you, and do not be negligent about your share in this world.” [TMQ 28:77].

Bu barchasi iqtisodiy faoliyatga oid.

These are all in reference to economic activity.

Sunnatda, Payg‘ambar ﷺ bizga o‘rgatgan eng ko‘p aytiladigan duolardan biri shudir: “Rabbimiz, bizga dunyoda ham yaxshilik ber, oxiratda ham yaxshilik ber.”

In the Sunnah, we find that one of the most commonly said du‘as that the Prophet (saw) taught us is: “Our Lord give us the good in this life and the good in the hereafter.”.

Shunga qaramay, Qur’onda shunday iboralarni uchratamiz, ular:

But despite this, we find expressions in the Qur’an which state:

“Bu dunyo hayoti faqat aldamchi bir narsadir” [TMQ 3:185].

“The life of this world is but a delusion” [TMQ 3:185].

Bir-birlaringizdan dunyo ne'matlarini ko'paytirishga bo'lgan raqobat sizni jiddiyroq narsalardan chalg'itadi [TMQ 102:1].

“The mutual rivalry for piling up the good things of this world diverts you from the more serious things” [TMQ 102:1].

va boshqalar, inson boylikka nisbatan shahvat va ochko‘zlikka ega ekanini [89:20], bu ochko‘zlik tufayli zo‘ravonlikka moyil bo‘lishini [100:8], shuningdek, maqtanchoq va mag‘rur bo‘lib qolishini [11:10] bayon qilgan va boshqalar (barcha havolalar Qur'onga tegishli).

and many others, stating that man has lust and greed for wealth [89:20] and that he is violent at this greed [100:8] and that he becomes boastful and proud [11:10] and so on (all references to the Qur‘an).

Bu ko'rinishda ziddiyatga o'xshaydi. Lekin aslida Islom bizga o'rgatadigan narsa shuki, insonning mavjudligidagi asosiy maqsad bu dunyoda inson sifatida yashab, solih amallar (ya'ni Shariatga bo'ysunish) orqali Allohga (SWT) ibodat qilishdir. Shunday ekan, hayot uchun zarur bo'lgan barcha narsalar inson uchun muhim bo'lib qoladi.

This apparently sounds like a contradiction in terms. But actually, what we are taught by Islam is that the real objective of our existence is to worship Allah (swt) through righteous conducts (i.e. obedience to the Shari‘ah) by living as humans in this world. So all those things that are necessary for this life become essential for man.

Moddiy farovonlik muhim va hatto majburiy ekanini aytish bir narsa, uni hayotdagi oliy maqsad va fikr-harakatning markazi deb aytish esa butunlay boshqa narsa. Islomiy iqtisodiy masala haqidagi chalkashlik aynan shu yerdan kelib chiqadi.

It is one thing to say that material well being is important and even compulsory but it is quite another to say that it is the ultimate goal and centre of thought and action in life. This is where the confusion arises about the Islamic economic question.

Islomiy iqtisod bilan barcha materialistik (ya'ni kapitalistik/kommunistik) iqtisodlar o'rtasidagi asosiy farq aynan shunda. Materialistlar iqtisodiy farovonlikni inson hayotining oliy maqsadi deb hisoblaydilar, Islom esa bu narsalar zarur va ajralmas bo'lishi mumkinligini, ammo hayotning haqiqiy maqsadi bo'la olmasligini aytadi. Iqtisodiy intilishlar faqat inson ularni amalga oshirishda o'zining haqiqiy maqsadini unutganda ortiqcha o'ziga tortish yoki aldov bo'lib qoladi.

The fundamental difference between Islamic economics and all materialist (i.e. Capitalist/Communist) ones is precisely this. The materialists view that economic well being is the ultimate end of human life, while Islam says that these things may be necessary and indispensable, but cannot be the true purpose of life. Economic endeavours only become an allurement or delusion if man loses sight of his real purpose in their pursuit.

Shunday ekan, to‘g‘ri yo‘l — dunyoviy iqtisodiy hayotga Alloh (SWT) va Uning Payg‘ambari ﷺ belgilagan tartibda to‘liq kirishishdir, ham jamiyat, ham shaxs darajasida. Payg‘ambar ﷺ aytdilar: “Dunyoviy hayoting uchun go‘yo abadiy yashaysan deb ishla, oxirat hayoting uchun esa go‘yo ertaga o‘lasan deb ishla.”

The right path to follow therefore is to fully engage into worldly economic life in the manner prescribed by Allah (swt) and His Prophet (saw), both at a societal and individual level. The Prophet (saw) said: “Work for your worldly life as if you were going to live forever, but work for the life to come as if you were going to die tomorrow.”