Islom, G'arb kapitalizmi tomonidan targ'ib qilinayotgan hozirgi dunyoqarashdan farqli o'laroq, insoniyat duch keladigan asosiy iqtisodiy muammo ishlab chiqarish emas, balki boylikni taqsimlash masalasi, deb hisoblaydi. G'arb kapitalizmi nazarida dunyoda resurslar nisbatan kamyob, odamlarning bu resurslarga bo'lgan ehtiyojlari esa cheksizdir. Shu sababli har bir millat, aslida butun dunyo ham, ko'proq va ko'proq ishlab chiqarishga e'tibor qaratishi kerak. Nazariyaga ko'ra, qancha ko'p boylik ishlab chiqarilsa, iqtisodiy faoliyat jarayonida ehtiyojlarini qondiradigan odamlar soni shuncha ko'p bo'ladi.

Unlike the current world view as pushed by the Capitalist West, Islam considers that the main economic problem that mankind will ever have is that of distribution of wealth and not of production. In the eyes of the Capitalist West, there is relative scarcity of resources available in the world, and people’s demands for these resources are endless. Hence each nation and in fact, the world, should concentrate on more and more production. The higher the amount of wealth produced, the higher the number of people that will satisfy their demands through the process of economic activity, or so the theory goes.

Islam ajratib ko'rsatadi: asosiy ehtiyojlar, jumladan oziq-ovqat, kiyim-kechak va boshpana, hamda hayotda zarur bo'lmagan, lekin hashamatli istaklar, ya'ni shunday narsalarning barchasi. Islamning qarashicha, barcha odamlarning asosiy ehtiyojlarini doimo qondirish uchun, shuningdek, odamlarning ayrim hashamatli istaklarini qondirish uchun yetarli resurslar mavjud, va iqtisodiy muammo ishlab chiqarishni oshirishda emas, balki boylikni to'g'ri taqsim etishda. Dunyodagi har bir insonni to'liq oziqlantirish, kiyintirish va uy-joy bilan ta'minlash uchun yetarli resurslar bor, buni Yevropaning oziq-ovqat tog'lari va har bir mamlakatdagi, shu jumladan uchinchi dunyo mamlakatlaridagi bir necha boylarning ortiqchaliklari ko'rsatib turibdi. Foydani maksimallashtirishga asoslangan kapitalistik falsafalariga muvofiq, biz hukumatlarning, masalan, EH mamlakatlarida, fermerlarga kamroq mahsulot yetishtirish uchun pul to'layotganini yoki hatto kambag'al Lotin Amerikasida bo'lgani kabi, narx darajasini saqlab qolish uchun avval ishlab chiqarilgan mahsulotni yo'q qilayotganini ko'ramiz, u yerda o'tmishda ulkan miqdordagi qahva yoqib yuborilgan. G'arb uchun Afrikaning kambag'al mamlakatlaridan adolatsiz iqtisodiy bitimlar tufayli, aksincha emas, ko'proq boylik chiqib ketadi. Hatto sakkizinchi yillarning oxirida Efiopiyadagi ocharchilik inqirozining eng avj nuqtasida ham mamlakat G'arbga millionlab dollar qiymatidagi resurslarni eksport qilayotgan edi. Alloh (subhanahu va taolo) Qur'onda aytadi,

Islam distinguishes between basic needs which include food, clothing and shelter, and luxurious wants which include all those things that are not necessities in life. It views that there are enough resources to satisfy the basic needs of all people all the time and to satisfy some of the luxurious wants of people, and that the economic problem is that of correct distribution of wealth and not merely involving increasing of production. There are enough resources to feed, clothe and house everybody in the world fully as can be seen by the food mountains of Europe and the excesses of the few rich in each country, including the Third World countries. In accordance with their Capitalist philosophy of maximising profit, we find governments paying farmers to produce less as in the EC countries, or even to destroy what has already been produced as happened in poor Latin America where in the past a huge amount of coffee was burnt to maintain a certain price level. Far more wealth leaves the poor countries of Africa for the rich west than vice versa due to unjust economic deals. Even at the height of the Ethiopian famine crisis in the late eighties, the country was exporting millions of dollars worth of resources to the West. Allah (swt) says in the Qur’an,.

"Alloh osmonlarni va yerni yaratgan, osmondan suv tushirgan va u bilan sizlarga rizq bo‘lsin deb mevalarni chiqargan Zotdir. U sizlar uchun O‘z amri bilan dengizni rom qildi; sizlar uchun daryolarni ham rom qildi; sizlar uchun quyosh va oyni, doimiy harakatda bo‘lgan holda, rom qildi; sizlar uchun kecha va kunduzni ham rom qildi; va sizlar So‘ragan narsalarning hammasini Unga berdi. Agar Allohning ne'matlarini sanasangiz, ularni hech qachon sanab tugatolmaysiz; albatta, inson zolim va nankordir." [TMQ 14:32-34]. Boshqa oyatda U shunday deydi,

“It is Allah who created the heavens and the earth, and sent down from heaven water wherewith He brought forth fruits to be your sustenance. And He subjected to you the sea at His commandment; and He subjected to you the rivers and He subjected to you the sun and the moon constant upon their courses, and He subjected to you the night and the day, and gave you of all that you asked Him. If you count Allah’s bounty, you will never number it; surely man is sinful, unthankful.” [TMQ 14:32-34]. In another ayat He says,.

{Darhaqiqat, Parvardigoringiz xohlagan kishiga rizqni mo‘l qilib beradi va (xohlagan kishisi uchun) uni tang qiladi, chunki U o‘z bandalarining barchasini biladi va ularni ko‘rib turadi.} [TMQ 17:30].

“Verily, your Lord does provide sustenance in abundance for whom He pleases and He does straiten it, for He does know and regard all His creatures.” [TMQ 17:30].

Shu kabi boshqa ko'plab oyatlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, Alloh (SWT) bu olamda insonga kerak bo'lgan barcha narsalar va foydali narsalarni jamlagan hamda insonning moddiy ehtiyojlarini qondirish uchun yetarli manbalarni taqdim etgan.

These verses among many others show that Allah (swt) has pooled in this universe all the needs and beneficial things for man, and has provided sufficient resources to satisfy the material needs of man.

Islomda iqtisodiy fan va iqtisodiy tizim o'rtasida farq qilinadi. Iqtisodiy fan ishlab chiqarish vositalariga oid bo'lib, u Islomga xos emas, balki boshqa har qanday mafkuradan olinishi yoki zarur deb topilganda ishlab chiqilishi mumkin. Iqtisodiy tizim esa boylikni taqsimlash muammosi bilan shug'ullanadi, ya'ni boylikni qanday yo'llar bilan topish, joylashtirish, foydalanish va sarflash mumkinligini belgilovchi qoidalar bilan bog'liq. Boylik adolat asosida taqsimlanishi aynan Islomga xos bo'lgan iqtisodiy tizim orqali amalga oshadi.

In Islam, a distinction is made between economic science, which is to do with the means of production, and the Economic System which is concerned with the problem of distribution of wealth, namely the rules by which wealth can be acquired, invested, used and disposed of. It is through the Economic System that is specific to Islam that wealth is distributed equitably, while economic science is not particularly specific to Islam as such but can be acquired from any other ideology or developed as seen fit.