9.1 Ta'lim tizimi haqida faktlar
9.1 Facts About the Education System
Islom davlatida avvallari xorijiy mustamlakachilar va ularning agentlari tomonidan tashkil etilgan va boshqarilgan maktablar, muassasalar va universitetlar, masalan, Lahordagi Aitcheson kollej, Dakkadagi Sent-Jozef maktabi, Kuala-Lumpurdagi Sent-Jons instituti va boshqalar yopib qo‘yiladi. Bular yosh musulmonlarning ongiga islomga zid g‘oyalarni singdirish, ularning qalbida G‘arb turmush tarziga nisbatan hayrat va sajdani joylashtirish maqsadida ataylab tashkil etilgan muassasalardir.
In the Islamic State, schools, institutions and universities which were previously set up and run by the foreign imperialists and their agents, such as Aitcheson College, Lahore, St Joseph’s School, Dhaka, St Johns Institution, Kuala Lumpur etc. will be shut down. These are institutions deliberately set up to inculcate young Muslims with non-Islamic ideas to implant in their minds awe and adulation of the Western way of life.
Islom Davlati o'zining alohida media bo'limiga ega bo'ladi, u orqali Islomni va islomiy qadriyatlarni butun dunyoga targ'ib qiladi hamda kofirlar tomonidan tarqatilgan barcha yolg'on va noto'g'ri tushunchalarni rad etadi. Davlat fuqarolarini Xilofat yurtida ta'lim berish maqsadida eng so'nggi texnologik va ilmiy aloqa vositalarining barchasidan, jumladan sun'iy yo'ldosh, elektron pochta, telekonferensiya va boshqalardan foydalanadi, ularni o'zlashtiradi va chuqur o'rganadi. Musulmon olamida musulmonlarni chalg'itish, Islomdan uzoqlashtirish, ularga hujum qilish maqsadida mavjud bo'lgan BBC World Service, CNN, Voice of America va boshqa xorijiy axborot manbalari taqiqlanadi.
The Islamic State will have its own media department which it will use to propagate Islam and the Islamic values throughout the world and refute all the lies and misconceptions that have been propagated by the disbelievers. All the latest technological and scientific means of communications, such as satellite, electronic mail, teleconferencing etc. will be tapped, used and explored by the State in its quest to educate the citizens of Khilafah. Foreign media sources like BBC World Service, CNN, Voice of America etc., which exist in the Muslim world to confuse, attack and divert Muslims from Islam will be banned.
Ommaviy axborot vositalari, televideniye, radio, gazetalar, kitoblar va konferensiyalar Islom davlati doirasida foydalanilishi mumkin bo‘lgan mavjud vositalardir. Yuqoridagilardan birortasini tashkil etish uchun ruxsat talab qilinmaydi, agar ular targ‘ib qilayotgan narsalar Islom chegaralari doirasida bo‘lsa.
Mass media, TV, Radio, newspapers, books and conferences are the existing means which can be used within the Islamic State. No permission is required to set up any of the above, provided what they propagate is within the bounds of Islam.
Bugungi kunda musulmon dunyosi dahshatli darajadagi savodsizlik balosidan aziyat chekmoqda, masalan, Pokiston va Bangladesh. Allohning Elchisi ﷺ musulmonlar orasidagi savodsizlik masalasini bevosita hal qildilar. U zot ﷺ Badr jangidagi har bir asirning fidyasini o‘n nafar musulmonga o‘qish-yozishni o‘rgatish qilib belgiladilar. Islom davlati har bir musulmonni olim (mujtahid) yoki xabardor talabaga (muttabi‘) aylantirishga intilar edi.
Today the Muslim world is plagued by astonishingly high levels of illiteracy, e.g. Pakistan and Bangladesh. The Messenger of Allah (saw) tackled head on the issue of illiteracy amongst Muslims. He (saw) made the ransom of each prisoner at Badr to teach ten Muslims how to read. The Islamic State would strive to ensure every Muslim thus turns into either a scholar (mujtahid) or an informed learner (muttabi‘i).
Islom tarixining katta qismida Xalifalik tarkibidagi har bir yirik shaharda jamoat va xususiy kutubxonalar mavjud edi. Kordova va Bag'dod kabi kutubxonalarda 400 000 dan ortiq kitoblar to'plami bor edi.
During most of Islamic history, every major city within the Khilafah possessed public and private libraries. Libraries such as Cordoba and Baghdad boasted collections of over 400,000 books.
Arab tili Aristotel, Platon, Pifagor maktabi, yunon astronomiyasi, Ptolemey va Yevklid asarlarining tarjima qilinishi tufayli eng muhim ilmiy tilga aylandi. Musulmon olimlari bu olimlarning ko'plab g'oyalarini muhokama qildilar va rad etdilar, masalan, Imom G'azzoliyning "Tahofut al-Falasifa" ("Faylasuflarning raddiyasi") va Ibn Taymiyyaning "Kitob ul-Ibtol" ("Botillik kitobi") asarlarida shunday qilingan.
Arabic became the most important scientific language due to translation of works of Aristotle, Plato, Pythagorean school, Greek astronomy, Ptolemy and Euclid. Muslim scholars discussed and refuted many of the ideas of these scholars, e.g. Imam Ghazzali’s ‘Tahafut al- Falasifah’ (‘Refutation of the Philosophers’) and Ibn Taymiyya’s ‘Kitab ul Ibtal’ (‘Book of Invalidity’).
Musulmonlarning, oldin matematik fanlarida mavjud bo'lmagan nol raqamidan foydalanishi katta yutuqlarga olib keldi va asrlar davomida yechilmay kelayotgan masalalarni hal qilishga imkon berdi.
The Muslims use of the Zero, which was previously absent in mathematical sciences enabled great advances, solving problems that for centuries remained unsolved.
Musulmon matematiklar algebrani ishlab chiqdilar va rivojlantirdilar, algoritm tushunchasi esa mashhur musulmon olimi Al-Xorazmiy tomonidan o‘ylab topilgan va uning nomi bilan atalgan. U Islom davlatida yashagan.
Muslim mathematicians devised and developed algebra, and the concept of algorithms were thought up (and named after) Al-Khwarizmi, a famous Muslim scholar who lived in the Islamic State.
Xilofat davlati har bir erkak va ayolga (musulmon va nomusulmon) boshlang'ich va o'rta bosqichda bepul ta'lim berilishini ta'minlaydi. Oliy bosqichdagi ta'lim rag'batlantiriladi, davlat esa buni istagan kishilarni imkon qadar moliyalashtirishga yordam beradi.
The Khilafah State would ensure the provision of free education to every male and female (Muslim and non-Muslim) at both primary and secondary levels. Education at higher levels would be encouraged and the State would help in funding those who wish to do so as much as possible.
Xilofat davlati maktablar va kollejlardan tashqari kutubxonalar va laboratoriyalar tashkil etadi, shunda istagan kishilar fiqh, hadis va tafsir, yoki tibbiyot, fuqarolik muhandisligi, sof fanlar va boshqa turli fanlar bo‘yicha qo‘shimcha ta’lim olishlari mumkin bo‘ladi.
The Khilafah State would set up libraries and laboratories in other than the schools and colleges in order to enable those who wish to take up further studies to do so, in various subjects such as fiqh, hadith and tafseer, or medicine, civil engineering, pure sciences etc.
TIBBIYOT: Musulmon shifokorlar operatsiyalarni bajarish uchun ko‘plab jarrohlik asboblarini ishlab chiqdilar, shuningdek, tibbiyot fanining boshqa ko‘plab jihatlarini, masalan:
MEDICINE : Muslim physicians developed many surgical instruments to perform operations, as well as describing countless other aspects of medical science, such as :
Ar-Roziy spirtli ichimlikdan antiseptik sifatida foydalangan va X asrda chechakni davolash usulini topgan. Ibn Sino XI asrda menengitni aniqlagan va davolagan, uning "Al-Qonun" tibbiy darsligi undan keyingi asrlar davomida Yevropada standart qo'llanma sifatida ishlatilgan. Ibn an-Nafis XIV asrda qonning kichik aylanish doirasini tasvirlab bergan. "Retina" va "Katarakta" so'zlari arab tilidan kelib chiqqan. Musulmonlar ko'z kasalliklari sohasida mohir bo'lib, ko'zning ishlash tartibini izohlagan va XIII asrda katarakta kasalligini davolash uchun jarrohlik usullarini ishlab chiqqan (barchasi milodiy hisobda).
Al-Razi used alcohol as an antiseptic, and found a treatment for smallpox in the 10th century. Ibn Sina diagnosed and treated meningitis in the 11th century, and his textbook of medicine (Al-Qanun) was used as a standard reference in Europe for centuries after. Ibn al-Nafis described the minor circulation of blood in the 14th century. The words ‘Retina’ and ‘Cataract’ derive from Arabic. Muslims were expert in ophthalmology, and explained the workings of the eye, and devised surgical procedures to remedy cataracts during the 13th century (all CE).
Islom ta'lim tizimi ostida fan gullab-yashnadi. Musulmonlar matematika, geometriya, optika, astronomiya, tibbiyot, fizika, tabiiy fanlar, muhandislik va boshqa ko'plab sohalarda dunyoda eng ilg'or xalq edi.
Science flourished under the Islamic Education System. The Muslims were the most advanced in the world in fields such as : mathematics, geometry, optics, astronomy, medicine, physics, natural sciences, engineering and many others.
Halifa Horun ar-Rashid ota-onalarni, agar ular farzandlarining arab tilini o‘qish va to‘g‘ri talaffuz qilishni o‘rganishini ta’minlamagan bo‘lsa, jazolar edi. U, shuningdek, din masalalarini o‘rganadigan, o‘rgatadigan, targ‘ib qiladigan yoki ular haqida bahs yuritadigan har bir kishi uchun moddiy rag‘batlar joriy etgan edi.
The Khaleefah Harun al-Rashid would punish parents who had not ensured that their children had learned to read and pronounce Arabic. He also provided financial incentives for any who would teach, learn, propagate or debate issues of the deen.