安拉说:{信道的人们啊!饮酒、赌博、拜石和用箭占卜,都是秽恶,是恶魔的工作。你们应当远避它,以便你们成功。恶魔只欲借饮酒和赌博,在你们之间煽起仇恨和怨恨,并阻止你们记念安拉和礼拜。你们还不戒除吗?}(5:90-91)

Allah says, {O ye who believe! Intoxicants and gambling, sacrificing to stones, and (divination by) arrows, are an abomination, of Satan's handiwork: eschew such (abomination) that ye may prosperO0 Satan's plan is (but) to excite enmity and hatred between you, with intoxicants and gambling, and hinder you from the remembrance of Allah, and from prayer: will ye not then abstain?} (5:90-91)

赌博包括双陆棋、国际象棋，以及用坚果、球、石子等进行的投机和各种形式的下注。它属于侵害他人权利的一类，而真主已在祂的经文中禁止这种行为：{你们不要以非法的方式互相侵吞财产，也不要把财产送给官吏们，以便你们明知故犯地侵吞别人的一部分财产。}（2:188）

Gambling connotes backgammon, chess and speculation by nuts, balls, stones and all kinds of betting. It ranks under encroaching upon people's rights that Allah has made forbidden in His saying, {And do not eat up your property among yourselves for vanities, nor use it as bait for the judges, with intent that ye may eat up wrongfully and knowingly a little of (other) people's property.} (2:188)

这一点也在先知的圣训中被提及："有些人以不义的方式花费真主的财产（即穆斯林的财产），这些人在复活日将被投入火狱。"1

It was also referred to in the Prophetic saying, "Some people spend Allah's wealth (i.e. Muslim's Wealth) in an unjust manner, such people will be put in the (Hell) fire on the day of resurrection”1

“对邀请同伴说‘来，我们赌一把’的人，应当（以施舍来赎其罪）。”2

"The one who invites his companions: Come let us gamble”, should (expiate his sin) by giving in charity.”2

既然仅仅是有赌博的意愿就需要赎罪，那么真正从事赌博的罪过又该多重呢？学者们对于在不涉及赌注的情况下玩双陆棋（backgammon）和国际象棋的具体教法裁定意见不一，但占优势的观点是禁止双陆棋。

Since the mere willingness to gamble requires expiation, what would be the sin of the real practice of gambling? The Muslim scholars have differed about the exact legal ruling on backgammon and chess in case of being played free from betting. However, the preponderant opinion is to prohibit backgammon.

他们以先知的圣训作为其观点的依据："玩西洋双陆棋的人，就如同用猪的肉和血染了自己的手。"3)

They established their view on the Prophetic saying, "He who played backgammon is like one who dyed his hand with the flesh and blood of swine" 3)

“谁玩双陆棋，谁就违抗了真主和祂的使者。”4

"He who played backgammon has disobeyed Allah and His Messenger.” 4

伊本·阿慕尔(愿真主喜悦他)传述说:"双陆是一种赌博,它的罪过如同吃猪肉;不下注而玩它,其禁止程度如同用猪油涂抹身体。"至于国际象棋,无论是否下注,大多数教法学家都认为它是被禁止的。因为如果其中包含赌注,那么其被禁止本身原则上没有异议;而即使没有赌注,禁止的说法也更为可取。

Ibn ' Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated, "Backgammon is (a kind of) gambling, and (is sinful) as eating the pork, and playing it without betting is (as prohibited) as embrocating with the swine's fat." Regarding chess, with or without betting, it is viewed as forbidden by most jurists, for if it includes betting, there is originally no difference of opinion concerning its prohibition. But in case it is void of bet- ting, the prohibition stands more preferable.

然而，据伊玛目沙斐仪的一则传述，如果是私下演奏，且不会使人分心而耽误义务或按时礼拜，则被视为是允许的。

However, according to a narration of Imam Shaffi'i, if it is played in privacy and does not take one's mind away from obligations or observing prayer on its due time, it is regarded allowable.

安-纳瓦维(愿真主怜悯他)被问及国际象棋时说:"多数学者认为它是被禁止的。如果它导致忽视按时礼拜,或包含赌博,则绝对禁止。"

An-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) when asked about chess said, "Most scholars held it forbidden. In case it leads to the negligence of prayer on time or includes betting, it is strictly forbidden.

"否则，它可能被视为可憎的。" 大多数法学家禁止象棋的基本证据来自安拉的话：{你们被禁食的有：死物、血液、猪肉……以及用箭进行抽签分配（肉）。}（筵席章：3）

Otherwise, it may be considered abominable" The basic proof to prohibit chess by most jurists is derived from Allah's saying, {Forbidden to you (for food) are: dead meat, blood, the flesh of swine... The division (of meat) by raffling with arrows.} (Al-Ma'idah: 3)

苏富扬和瓦基尔·伊本·al-贾尔拉赫将“以箭抽签分肉”这句话解释为指代国际象棋。

Sufyan and Waki' Ibn Al-Jarrah interpreted "The division (of meat) by raffling with arrows as to refer to chess.

`Ali Ibn Abi Talib(愿真主喜悦他)说:"国际象棋是非阿拉伯人(阿节姆人)的赌博游戏。"他还曾经路过一群下国际象棋的人,对他们说:"你们专心致志地崇拜的这些偶像是什么?用燃烧的木炭去触碰,直到它熄灭,也比触碰这些偶像要好。"1他又说:"以真主发誓,这不是你们被创造的目的。"另一次他说:"下国际象棋的人是个大骗子。你对你的对手说'你死了',而他并没有死。" 艾布·穆萨·艾什尔里说:"除了罪人,没有人会下国际象棋。"有人问伊斯哈格·本·拉胡威:"下国际象棋有什么问题吗?"2

`Ali Ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "Chess is the gambling game of the "Ajam"- Non Arabs. He has also passed by a group of people playing chess and said to them, "What are these idols to which you are dedicating yourselves in worship? To touch a firebrand until it gets quenched is better than touching such idols.”1 He added, "By Allah, it is not the purpose for which you have been created". On another occasion he said, "He who plays chess is a great liar. You say to your fellow player. “You are dead”, while he is not so”. Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari said, "No one plays chess except the sinful person". It was said to Yzhaq Ibn Rahwayh: "Is there something in playing chess?”2

他回答说:"这完全是罪过。"有人告诉他,军营里的士兵常以此作为战争训练的手段,他说:"这是不敬神明的行为。"穆罕默德·伊本·卡卜·阿尔-卡尔济评论道:"下棋者在复活日所受的最轻惩罚,就是与不义者被聚集在一起。"关于象棋,伊本·欧麦尔说:"它比双陆棋更具危害。"伊玛目马立克也有类似的传述,意义相同。据传,伊本·阿拔斯曾被任命为一名孤儿财产的监护人,那笔财产中有一副象棋。

He answered, "It is wholly sinful". When he was informed that the soldiers in camps were used to playing it as a means of training for war, he said, "It is impiety." Muhammad Ibn Kab Al-Karzi commented, "The least punishment that a chess player will suffer on the Day of Resurrection is to be gathered with the wrong- doers". Concerning chess Ibn 'Umar said, "It is more mischievous than backgammon." And a similar narration with the same effect was quoted from Imam Malik. It is mentioned that Ibn 'Abbas was appointed as the guardian of the property of an orphan. Among that property there existed a chess game.

于是,伊本·阿拔斯将那个游戏焚毁了。因此,如果玩那个游戏是被允许的,伊本·阿拔斯就不会毁掉它,因为它属于一个孤儿的财产。

Thereupon, Ibn Abbas set that game on fire. Hence, if it was permitted to play that game, Ibn Abbas would not have destroyed it, since it was property of an orphan.

因此,禁止下棋的判定与禁止饮酒相类。易卜拉欣·纳赫阿伊谈到下棋时说:"它是可憎的。"阿布·伯克尔·阿塞拉姆在其圣训集中提到先知的一段圣训:"真主每天向受造物投以三百六十次目光,而所有受造物都在其中,唯独那玩羊的人,即下棋的人除外,因为他说:'将死。'"阿布·伯克尔·阿贾里转述先知穆罕默德ﷺ的话:"如果你们经过那些玩这些偶像的人,即双陆棋、国际象棋以及其他消遣之物,就不要向他们问候。因为当他们聚集起来,沉迷于游戏、双臂都浸在其中时,只有撒旦和它的同伙参与他们的游戏。如果其中一人把目光从游戏上移开,撒旦就会推动他再次投入游戏。这样,他们会一直玩到散去。他们就像一群遇到尸体的狗,吃到饱后才离开。此外,下棋的人通常会说谎,因为他会说'将'。"穆贾希德说:"每个人临终时,都会看到曾经与他为伴的同伴。有一次,一个惯于下棋的人快要离世,当有人让他念诵作证词(清真言)时,他却说了'将',然后死去。"

Accordingly, the prohibition of chess is measured to that of wine. Ibrahim AI-Nakha'i said about chess: "It is cursed". Abu Bakr AI-Athram in his collection mentioned the Prophetic saying, "Daily Allah has three hundred and sixty looks which comprehend all his creatures except the sheep player- i.e. chess player- for he says" check-mate.” Abu Bakr AI-Ajiri related the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) saying, "If you pass by those who play with these idols i.e. backgammon and chess and other amusement -do not greet them. For when they gather and are up to their elbows in playing, Satan alone with his fellows attend their game. And if one of the players averted his glance from playing, Satan would thrust him -to turn again to playing thus, they keep playing till they disperse. They are like a group of dogs that come across a cadaver, eat of it till they are fed up and then go away. In addition, the chess player usually commits lying, as he says, "mate" Mujahid said, "Every man when he is dying views his fellowmen whom he used to accompany. One day, a man who was used to playing chess was at the point of death. When he was asked to pronounce the Shahadah -declaration of faith- he instead said," mate" and died.

他的舌头因他生前所说的话而被扭曲。先知（愿主赐福他并使他平安）说："人怎样生活，就怎样死去；人怎样死去，就怎样复活。"ﷺ1

His tongue was wrenched by the words he used to say in his life. The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Everyone dies in the same manner as he lives and is resurrected in the same manner as he dies”1