据阿卜杜拉·本·麦斯欧德（愿真主喜悦他）传述，他说：“先知ﷺ说：‘凡慰问遭受苦难之人的，他将获得同样的回报。’”4
On the authority of' Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said, "The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Whoever offers the consolation to the afflicted person, he will be rewarded with the same.” 4
据艾布·巴尔扎（愿安拉喜悦他）传述，他说：先知ﷺ对法蒂玛（愿安拉喜悦她）说："凡慰问失去孩子的人，他将在乐园中被披上一件布尔德（一种特定的衣服）。"5
On the authority of Abu Barzah (may Allah be pleased with him) who said, "The Prophet (pbuh) said to Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), "Whoever offers consolation to the person who is bereaved of his/her child, he will be clothed with Burd (certain kind of garment) in Paradise.” 5
据 'Abdullah Ibn Amr Ibn AI-As(愿真主喜悦他们二人)所传,他说:"真主的使者(ﷺ)对他的女儿法蒂玛(愿真主喜悦她)说:'法蒂玛啊,你为什么离开家?'她说:'我去了这家的人那里,为他们的亡者向真主祈求怜悯,并且安慰他们。'"1
On the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn Amr Ibn AI-As (may Allah be pleased with both of them) who said, "The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said to his daughter Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), "For what reason did you go out from your house. 0 Fatimah?" she said, "I went to the people of this house and asked Allah to shower his mercy upon their dead and I offered them consolation.” 1
据阿慕尔·本·哈兹姆传述，他说：先知ﷺ说："信士若安慰遭难的兄弟，真主必在复活日以祂的尊贵为他披上衣袍。"2
On the authority of Amr Ibn Hizam who said, "The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Never does a believer offer his afflicted brother consolation and Allah cloth him out of his Honour on the Day of Judgment.”2
慰唁是指劝人忍耐，并向逝者的亲属提及那些能够减轻其悲痛、减轻其灾难的事物。建议慰唁中包括劝善戒恶。它也属于安拉的这句经文所涵盖的范围：{你们应当互助行善和敬畏，不可互助犯罪和侵略！}（《筵席章》第2节）
Consolation means that to bring patience and mention to the deceased's kin what can relieve their sadness and lighten their calamity. It is recommended that it includes commanding the good and forbidding the evil. It also comes under the saying of Allah, {Help ye one another in righteousness and piety but help ye not one another in sin and rancor! } (AI-Maidah, 2)
这是关于安慰之事最具指向性的一节经文。
This is the most indicative verse concerning the matter of consolation.
在埋葬死者之前和之后慰问都是可取的。沙斐仪派的学者说,慰问的时间从灵魂被取走时开始,并持续到埋葬死者后的三天。也有学者说,在死亡三天之后不宜再慰问,因为慰问是为了安抚受难者的心,而这通常在三天之内就已完成,因此没有必要再次唤起他的悲伤。大多数学者也持此立场。阿布·阿巴斯说,三天之后慰问并无不妥,因为事件的影响是持久的。伊玛目安-纳瓦维(愿真主慈悯他)说:"学者们一致认为,除两种情况外,三天之后不应再慰问:一是慰问者不在场,二是受难者不在场,而且他们预计三天后会回来。"埋葬之后慰问比埋葬之前慰问更好,因为埋葬之前,死者家属忙于为死者料理后事,而埋葬之后,孤寂感会加剧。但前提是死者家属没有表现出焦虑。
Consolation is preferable before and after burying the dead. The followers of Ash-Shafi'i said, its time starts from the time when the soul is taken and lasts for three days after burying the dead. Some scholars said, consolation is not preferable after three days of dying, for consolation appeases the heart of the afflicted person and this mostly takes place within three days and therefore there is no need to renew his sadness. This same position was held by the majority of the scholars. Abu Al-Abbass said, there is no wrong to offer consolation after three days since the event lasts forever. An-Nawawi (may Allah bestow mercy upon him) said, "What is agreed upon is that it should not be offered after three days except in two cases: when the one who offers the consolation is absent or the afflicted person was absent as well. And they are expected to return after three days. Offering consolation after burying the dead is better than doing it before burying, for before burying, the people of the dead are engaged with preparing him and alienation is intensified after burying. This may be done if no anxiety appeared on the part of the people of the dead.
否则，应当给予他们安慰，使他们内心平静。
Otherwise, consolation should be offered to bring quietness to them.
同样应当避免的是，为了接受慰问而聚集在某个特定的地方。这意味着逝者的家属不应聚集在某个地方，让人们前去慰问他们。慰问的措辞是众所周知的。关于这方面最好的说法，是布哈里和穆斯林两部《圣训集》中记载的，乌萨马·本·宰德（愿真主喜悦他）所传：他说："先知ﷺ的一个女儿派人来告诉他，她的一个孩子快要死了。使者ﷺ对那人说：'你回去告诉她，真主所取的，属于真主；真主所赐的，也属于真主；万物在真主那里都有定期。所以，你叫她忍耐，并向真主求取报酬。'"
It is also reprehensible to gather in a particular place to receive the consolation. This means that the people of the dead should not gather in a certain place and the people go to offer them consolation. The formula of consolation is well known. The best of what can be said in this respect is what is reported in the two Sahihs on the authority of Usamah Ibn Zayed (may Allah be pleased with him) who said that, "One of the daughters of the Prophet (pbuh) sent to him and told him that one of her children is dying. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said to the man, "Return to her and tell her that, to Allah is what He has taken and to him is what He has given and to everything is an appointed term with Allah. So, order her to be patient and seek the reward from Allah.” 3
伊玛目纳瓦维(愿真主怜悯他)说:"这段圣训是伊斯兰教最全面的准则之一,它涵盖了许多宗教事务,无论是根本原则、枝节问题、良好的品德、对各种灾难的忍耐,还是对担忧的处理,并论及许多其他事项。
An-Nawawi (may Allah bestow mercy upon him) said that, "This hadith is one of the most comprehensive rules of Islam which includes many religious matters, whether they are principles, subsidiary matters, good manners, patience towards all kinds of calamities, worries and discusses many other things.
"真主所取的，都属于祂。"这意味着整个世界都是祂的。因此，祂所取走的不是你的，而是祂的，那只是交托给你的一份托付。"祂所赐予的，也都属于祂。"这意味着祂赐给你的东西，并不超出祂的主权之外，它本属于祂，祂按照自己的意愿来安排。"在真主那里，万事都有定期。"这意味着，对于那些灵魂被祂取走、已经走完今世生命历程的人，你不应为此忧虑，因为他们的定期既不能推迟，也不能提前。当你确信了这一切之后，就应当对降临于你身上的磨难保持忍耐。
"To Allah is what He has taken." means that the whole world is His. Therefore, He does not take what is yours but what is His as a trust to you." To him is what he has given" means that what he has granted you with is not out of His Sovereignty but it is His and He disposes it as He wills. "To everything there is an appointed term with Allah" means that you should not be anxious for the one whose soul was taken by him, completed his span in this life and it is impossible to delay or precede his appointed time. Upon being sure of all this, you should be patient with what has afflicted you.
以穆阿维叶·本·伊亚斯从其父处传述，愿安拉喜悦他，他说：有一次，先知ﷺ没有见到他的一位圣门弟子，便询问他的情况。圣门弟子们回答说："安拉的使者啊，他那位您曾见过的儿子已经去世了。"之后，先知ﷺ遇见了那人，询问他儿子的事，他告诉先知ﷺ说儿子已经去世。先知ﷺ安慰他，然后说："你更喜欢哪一种：与你的儿子一同享受今世的生活，还是在明天到来时发现你的儿子先你而去，为你开启你所想要的天堂之门？"那人回答说："安拉的先知啊，当然是他先我而去、为我开启天堂之门，这对我来说最为可爱。"先知ﷺ说："这已经为你成就了。"圣门弟子们问道："这是专属于他的，还是对所有穆斯林普遍适用？"先知ﷺ回答说："对所有穆斯林普遍适用。"
On the authority of Mu'awiyyah Ibn Iyas from his father (may Allah be pleased with him) who said once the Prophet (pbuh) did not see one of his Companions and he asked about him. The Companions replied, "0 Messenger of Allah, his son who you have seen has died. Thereafter, the Prophet (pbuh) met him and asked him about his son and he told him that he died. The Prophet consoled him then said, "Which of them is most beloved to you, to enjoy this worldly life with your son or to come tomorrow and find that your son preceded you to open whichever of the doors of Paradise you want. The man replied, "0 the Prophet of Allah, of course to advance me to Paradise and find it open for me is most beloved. The Prophet said, this is granted to you. The companions asked, “is it exclusive for him or is it general for all Muslims? The Prophet replied, "For all Muslims.” 1
以艾布·胡莱赖up(愿真主喜悦他)的传述,他说:"真主的使者ﷺ出去到了白格尔墓地,看见一名妇女在一座坟墓旁哭泣。他对她说:'真主的仆人啊,敬畏真主,并且忍耐吧。'她回答说:'真主的仆人啊,如果你遭遇了我所遭遇的事,你就会原谅我了!'先知ﷺ对她说:'真主的仆人啊,敬畏真主,并且忍耐吧。'她回答说:'真主的仆人啊,我听到了你所说的话,那就请你不要管我吧。'"艾布·胡莱赖up说:"先知ﷺ就不管她了。有一个目睹了这一幕的人来到这名妇女那里,问她:这个人(先知ﷺ)对你说了什么?她把他对她说的话和她的回答都告诉了他。那人问她:你认识他吗?她回答:'不,以真主发誓。'那人说:'你真可悲!他是真主的使者ﷺ。'于是,她急忙走向先知ﷺ,直到走到他面前,说:'真主的使者啊,我会忍耐的。'先知ﷺ说:'忍耐是在灾难突然降临的时候。'"
On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) who said, "The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) went out to AI-Baqr and he saw a woman wailing on a grave. He said to her, "0 the servant of Allah, fear Allah and be patient". She replied, "0 the servant of Allah, if you were afflicted with what I have been, you would excuse me!" The Prophet said to her, "0 servant of Allah, fear Allah and be patient.” She replied, "0 the servant of Allah, I heard what you said, so let me alone. Abu Hurairah said, "The Prophet let her alone and there was a man who witnessed this scene and came to this woman and asked her what did this man (the Prophet) say to her? She told him what he said and with what she replied him. The man asked her did you know him? She replied, "No, By Allah." He said, "Woe to you! He is the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Thereupon, she quickly walked towards him until she reached him and said, "0 Messenger of Allah, I will be patient". The Prophet said, "Patience is at the time of the suddenness of the calamity.” 2
这意味着，在灾祸突然降临的那一刻，忍耐更为高尚；但在那之后，自然会有慰藉随之而来。
This means that the patience is more virtuous at the suddenness of the calamity, but after that, solace, of course, takes place.
在《圣训实录》（《穆斯林圣训集》）中有这样的记载："阿布·塔勒哈的一个儿子去世了。他的妻子乌姆·萨利姆对家人说：'不要告诉阿布·塔勒哈，我自己会在阿布·塔勒哈回来时告诉他。'她为他摆上了晚餐，他吃了，也喝了。然后她把自己打扮得比以前更加出众，阿布·塔勒哈便与她同房了。"
In Sahih Muslim, it is reported that, "Once one of Abu Talha's sons died. His wife, Umm Salim said to his family, don't tell Abu Talha and I will tell him myself upon returning of Abu Talha, she offered the dinner for him and he ate and drank. Then she made up herself more than she did for him before that and Abu Talha had sexual intercourse with her.
当他意识到自己已经从她那里得到满足后,她说:"哦,艾布·塔勒哈,你对某些人的看法是怎样的?他们把某样东西借给了别人,之后他们要求收回自己的权利,别人有权拒绝把这样东西还给他们吗?"他回答:"没有。"乌姆·赛利姆说:"你就把你的儿子视为归还给真主的一份托付吧。"
Upon realizing that he satisfied himself from her, she said, 0 Abu Talha, what do you say about some people who lent something to others, then they demanded their right, do other people have the right to deny them this thing? He replied, "No". Umm Salim said, "Deem your son as a trust which returned to Allah.
阿布·塔勒哈生气了,说:"你是要我把自己弄脏了才肯罢休吗?然后你才告诉我关于我儿子的事。以真主起誓,这件事我绝对无法忍耐。"随后他去见真主的使者ﷺ,把发生的事情告诉了他。真主的使者ﷺ说:"愿真主为你们二人的这个夜晚赐福。"1
Abu Talha got angry and said, do you leave me until I stain myself with you then you told me about my son. This, by Allah will never cause me to be patient. Then he went to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and told him about what had happened. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him said, "May Allah bless your night for you both.”1
另一则传述中提到："没有人被赐予比耐心更好、更全面的美德。"
In another narration, it is reported that, "With the best and all-embracing good, no one is granted something better than patience.” 2
阿里·本·艾比·塔利卜(愿真主喜悦他)对阿沙斯·本·盖斯说:“要坚持忍耐,把你的逝者视为寄存于真主那里的托付,否则你的举动就如同牲畜一般。”一位智者写信给一位遭受苦难的人说:“你失去了所遭受的那件事物,所以不要让它的回报,即赏赐,也从你身边失去。”另有一人说:“理智的人在灾祸的第一天所做的,正是愚昧的人在灾祸的第五天才做的事。”众所周知,时间的流逝会安慰并缓解遭受苦难者的心。因此,立法者命令人们在灾祸突然降临时要忍耐。有一次,有人告诉沙斐仪(愿真主喜悦他),阿卜杜勒-拉赫曼·本·马赫迪失去了一个儿子,他因儿子的离世而非常焦虑和悲痛。于是,沙斐仪给他捎去口信说:“我的兄弟啊,你怎样安慰别人,就怎样安慰自己;你厌恶别人的所作所为,就也要厌恶自己身上的同样之事。”
Ali Ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Al-Ashas Ibn Qays, "Be committed to patience and count your dead as a trust which returned to Allah's keeping, otherwise you are behaving the way the animals do.” A wise man wrote to an afflicted man saying, "You lost what you have been afflicted with, so do not let its compensation i.e., the reward, miss you also." Another man said, "The sane person does on the first day of his calamity what the foolish person does on the fifth day of his calamity." It is well-known that the passing of time consoles and relieves the afflicted person. Therefore the lawgiver ordered the people to be patient on the suddenness of calamity. Once Ash-Shafi'i (may Allah be pleased with him) was told that Abdul-Rahman Ibn Mahdi lost one of his sons and he was very anxious and distressed because of his death. Thereupon, Ash-Shafi'i sent him a message saying, "O my brother console yourself with what you console others with and detest from yourself what you detest from other's doings.
“要知道，最严重的灾祸，是夺走一个人的喜乐与回报的那种灾祸。那么，你怎么看待这两者的结合，以及犯罪这件事呢？所以，趁着你的归宿还近在眼前，就赶快去奔赴吧，不要等它已经远离你之后才去追求。愿真主在灾祸来临时赐你忍耐，并因此赏赐你和我们。”有人写信给几位兄弟，慰问他丧子之痛，信中说：“只要儿子还活着，他就是父亲的忧虑与考验之源；而当他去世时，他便成为父亲的祈祷与慈悯。因此，不要为你所失去的而悲伤：你失去的是他带来的忧虑与考验，而不要失去真主赐予你的祈祷与慈悯。”
Be sure that the most grievous calamity is the one which deprives the person the delight and the reward, so what do you say about the combination of these two thing and the doing of a sin? So hasten to your destiny while it is near to you before demanding it while it goes far from you. May Allah grant you patience at times of calamity and reward you and us for it." A man wrote to some of his brothers to console him because of the death of his son saying" "As long as the son is living, he is a source of sadness and trial for his father, but when he dies he becomes a prayer and a mercy for his father. Therefore, don't be sad for what you missed, you missed his sadness and trial and do not lose the prayer and mercy which Allah offers you.
穆萨·本·马赫迪就其子之死慰问易卜拉欣·本·萨拉马说："他生前不是你的喜悦吗？虽然他是一场灾难和考验，可当他去世后，他却成了你的悲伤；之后他又成了（为你）的祈祷与慈悲。"
Musa Ibn Al-Mahhdi consoled Ibrahim Ibn Salamah on the death of his son saying, "Was not he a source of happiness although he was a calamity and a trial but when he died, he became a source of sadness then he became a prayer and mercy?
有人安慰另一个人说："在后世为你带来回报的那一位，胜过在今世曾是你欢喜和快乐之源的那一位。"
另有传述：阿卜杜拉·伊本·欧麦尔（愿真主喜悦他）埋葬了自己的一个儿子，并在坟前笑了。有人问他："你在坟前还笑吗？"他回答说："我是被撒旦战胜了。"
伊本·者里哈（愿真主喜悦他）说："凡是在灾难来临时不能忍耐，并把自己的亡者视为真主所保管的寄托的人，他的行为就会像牲畜一样。"
哈米德·阿勒·阿拉吉说："我看见赛尔德·伊本·朱拜尔对着自己的儿子说话，并看着他，说：'我了解你身上的一个特点。'有人问：'是什么特点？'他回答：'他将会死去，而我会把他视为归还给真主保管的寄托。'"
A man consoled another saying, "the one who will be a reward for you in the hereafter is better than the one who was a source of your delight and happiness in the worldly life." It is also reported that Abdullah Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) buried one of his sons and laughed at the grave. He was asked do you laugh while you are still standing at the grave? He replied, I was to over come by Satan. Ibn Jarih (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "Whoever is not be patient at the time of calamity and deem his dead as a trust which is in Allah's keeping, he will behave the way the animals do." Hamid AI-Araj said, "I saw Sa'id Ibn Jubair saying to his son and looking at him, I know a particular characteristic of you. He was asked what is it? He replied, "He will die and I will deem him as a trust which is returned to Allah's keeping.
据阿尔-哈桑·阿尔-巴士里（愿真主喜悦他）传述：有一个人因儿子去世而非常悲伤，便向他诉说此事。阿尔-哈桑说：“你的儿子在去世之前，是否也曾离开过你？”那人回答：“是的，他离开的时间比在我身边的时间还要多。”阿尔-哈桑说：“那么你就把他的离去看作是永久的吧，只是这一次将会是你最有回报的时刻。”
AI-Hasan Al-Basri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that, "A man was very sad because of the death of his son and he complained this to him. AI-Hasan said, "Was your son absent from you before his death? The man replied, "Yes, his absence was more than his attendance. AI-Hasan said,"So deem his absence forever but this time will be the most rewarding for you.
那人说："哦，艾布·赛义德，你消除了我对儿子的忧虑。"
The man said, O Abu Sa'id, You appeased my anxiety about my son.
有一次,欧麦尔·本·阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹进入他生病的儿子的房间,说:"我的儿子啊,你怎么样?"他回答说:"我觉得自己处于真理之中。"欧麦尔说:"我的儿子啊,愿我的善功在你的天平上!你的天平比我的天平更让我喜爱。"(欧麦尔的意思是他自己的罪比他儿子的罪更多。)儿子回答说:"父亲啊,你所喜爱的事物得以实现,对我而言比我所喜爱的事物得以实现更令我喜爱。"
又有一次,欇瓦('Urwah)腿上患病,不得不截肢,他亲自截断了自己的腿,尽管他已是老人。他在这一夜也没有落下他常做的那些经常性的赞念,而是诵念了真主的话:{请给我们拿早餐来,我们因这段旅程已感到十分疲劳。}(al-Kahf:62)
Once 'Umar Ibn 'Abedul-' Aziz entered upon his son while he was ill and said, "0 my son, how are you?" He replied, "I found myself in the truth." 'Umar said, O my son, to be in my scale! It is more beloved for me to be in your scale ('Umar mean that his sins are more than his son's." The son replied, "O my father, to be granted what you love is more beloved to me than to be granted what I love." Once, 'Urwah was attacked by disease in his leg and he was obliged to cut it off and he cut it off himself despite he was an old man. He did not leave out his oft-frequently remembrance which he used to do on this night, but he recited Allah's saying, {Bring as our early meal, truly we have suffered much fatigue at this (stage of) our journey} (AI-Kahf: 62)
他(愿真主喜悦他)还说:“主啊!你若降灾于我,你确已使我解脱;你若取走了某物,你确已保全了我许多其他东西。你取走了一个器官,却为我保全了许多其他器官;你取走了一个儿子,却为我保全了许多其他人。” 同一夜,一位来自班努·阿布斯的男子去见阿勒-瓦利德·伊本·阿卜杜勒-马立克。阿勒-瓦利德问他眼睛的事。那人说:“我曾在一处山谷顶上过了一夜,我不知道班努·阿卜杜(Bany Abd)中有谁比我更富有。后来我们遭遇了一场洪水。结果,我所有的财产、家人和孩子都被毁掉了,只剩下一头骆驼和一个儿子。那骆驼十分倔强,跑掉了,我便开始追赶它。我离开儿子只有很短的一段距离,却听到了他的哭声。我回到他身边,发现他的头在骆驼的肚子底下,而骆驼把他踩死了。然后我去追那头骆驼想抓住它,它却用蹄子踢我,毁了我的脸,还弄瞎了我的一只眼睛。于是我失去了家人、财产、儿子和骆驼。”阿勒-瓦利德于是说:“把这个人带去见欧尔瓦,让他知道还有许多人比他遭受的苦难更深。” 另有传述说,奥斯曼(愿真主喜悦他)遭到袭击和殴打时,血流到了他的胡须上,他说:“除真主外别无应受崇拜者,赞美归于你。我确实是自欺者之一。主啊!我求你助我对抗他们,我在一切事务上求你相助。主啊!我求你赐我忍耐,以承受你降在我身上的苦难。”
He (may Allah be pleased with him) also said, "OAllah! If You afflicted me, you truly relieved me and if you took something, truly you saved me many others. You took one organ and saved for me many others and you took a son and saved me many others. On the same night a man from Banu Abs entered upon Al- Walid Ibn Abd ul-Malik. AI-Walid asked him about his eye. The man said, "I spent one night in the peak of a valley and I didn't know anyone from Bany , Abd who may be more rich than me. Then we were afflicted with a torrent. Consequently, all my property, family and children were destroyed with exception of a camel and a son. The camel was very reluctant and it ran away and I started to follow it. I did not leave my son except for a short distance and I heard his crying. I returned to him and I found his head under its belly and it killed him. Then I followed the camel to catch it, but it kicked me with its foot and it disfigured my face and blinded my eye. Then I became deprived of my family, my property, my son and my camel." Thereupon, AI-Walid said, "Take this man and bring him before 'Urwah so he knows that there are many others who are more afflicted than him." It is also reported that, when 'Uhman (may Allah be pleased with him) was attacked and beaten, he said while blood was flowing upon his beard, "There is no God but Allah, Glory be to you. Truly I was one of those who wronged themselves. O Allah! I seek Your help against them and I seek Your help in all my affairs.O Allah! I ask You to grant me patience on what You afflicted me with.
阿尔-马达尼说:"我在沙漠里见到一位非常美丽的女子,我说:'我指安拉发誓,这位女子必定非常富足、非常有钱。'她说:'我指安拉发誓,事实并非如此。我遭受了许多苦难和忧虑,我来给你讲讲我的故事。我嫁给了一个男人,我们有两个孩子。在宰牲节那天,他们的父亲宰了一只羊,孩子们正在玩耍。哥哥对弟弟说:'你想看我父亲是怎样宰羊的吗?'弟弟说:'想看。'于是哥哥宰了弟弟,看到弟弟流血,他非常害怕,向山上跑去,结果被一只狼吃掉了。他们的父亲去追赶,想把他带回来,却在沙漠里迷了路,饿死了,而我变得孤单无依。'阿尔-马达尼问她:'你是怎样忍耐的呢?'她说:'如果忍耐与我同在,我就会坚守它;但这是一道伤口,我已经痊愈了。'
据伊本·阿拔斯(愿安拉喜悦他)传述,他说:"我听到安拉的使者ﷺ说:'谁有两个儿子,在他在世时他们死去,他将进入天堂。'阿伊莎问:'愿我的父母作您的赎身!那有一个儿子的人呢?'安拉的使者ﷺ说:'他将获得同样的回报。'阿伊莎接着问:'那没有任何一个您的乌玛子嗣的人呢?'他说:'我是我的乌玛的先驱,他们遭受的灾难不会比我(的死亡)更为严重。'"
AI-Mada'ni said, "I saw in the desert a very beautiful woman and I said, "By Allah, this woman is surely a very prosperous and rich. She said, "By Allah, this is not true, I suffered many distresses and worries and I will tell you my story. I was married to a man and we had two children. On the day of 'Eidul- Adha (Feast of Sacrifice), their father slaughtered a sheep and they were playing. The elder son said to his younger brother, do you want me to show you how my father slaughtered the sheep? The younger son said, 'Yes'. Then the elder son slaughtered his brother and when he saw his brother bleeding he was very scared and ran away towards the mountain and a wolf devoured him. His father followed him to bring him back, but he lost his way in the desert and he died from hunger and I became lonely. Al-Mada'ni asked her, "How are you with patience?" She said, "If it accompanies me, I will abide by it, but it was a wound and I recovered." On the authority of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) who said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) saying, "Whoever has two sons and they died in his lifetime, he will enter Paradise. Aishah asked, "May my father and mother be a compensation for you! What about the one who has one son?" The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessing be upon him) said, "He will have the same reward" 'Aishah proceeded, "What about the one who has none of your Ummah?' He said, "I am the forerunner of my Ummah and they were not afflicted with a more grievous calamity than mine (death).” 1
以艾布·欧拜德(愿真主喜悦他)的权威,传自其父,他说:"真主的使者ﷺ说:'凡有三子,在他有生之年夭折,且未达到青春期者,他们将成为他免于火狱的屏障。'"艾布·达尔达,另一则传述中是艾布·最尔,说:"我失去了两个儿子。"先知ﷺ说:"他们也会为你带来同样的回报。"诵读《古兰经》者的领袖乌拜伊·本·凯尔卜说:"我失去了一个儿子。"先知ﷺ说:"他同样会为你带来回报,但这是在灾难突然降临的时候。"2
One the authority of Abu Ubaidah (may Allah be pleased with him) from his father who said, "The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, "Whoever has three sons and they died in his lifetime before attaining the age of puberty, they will be a protection for him from the Hell-Fire." Abu AI-Darda, and in another narration Abu Dharr, said, "I introduced two sons. The Prophet said, "They will bring you the same reward. Ubai Ibn Ka'b, the muster of the readers of the Glorious Qur'an said, "I introduced one. " The Prophet (pbuh) said, "He will bring you the same reward, but this is at the time of the suddenness of the calamity.” 2
据瓦基尔传述，他说："伊布拉欣·哈尔比有一个儿子，十一岁时就背熟了《古兰经》，并精通教法学（Fiqh）和圣训学。他去世了，我去慰问他的父亲。他对我说：‘我一直盼望他死去。’我说：‘艾布·伊斯哈格啊，您在学者中享有这样的地位，怎能说出这样的话？您的儿子已经长大成人，背熟了《古兰经》，并精通教法学和圣训学。’他说：‘我梦见仿佛是审判日，有许多孩子捧着盛水的杯子，迎着人们去给他们送水。那天非常炎热，我对其中一个孩子说：给我些水。他看着我说：你是我的父亲。我问：你是谁？他说：我们是在伊斯兰教中死去的孩子，我们先于父辈去给他们送水喝。因此，我希望他死去。’"
穆斯林（圣训学家）传述，艾布·哈桑说："我对艾布·胡莱赖说：请给我们讲些能减轻我们对逝者悲伤的事。”他说：“他们是乐园里的孩子，他们会遇见自己的父亲或双亲，抓住他们的衣服或手，直到把他们带进乐园才会放开。”
3
On the authority of Waki' who said,"There was a son for Ibrahim AI-Harbi and he was eleven years when he memorized the Glorious Qur'an and was knowledgeable in Fiqh and Hadith. He died and I went to console his father. He said to me," I was longing for his death." I said, O Abu Ishaq, how could you say something like that while you enjoy such a status among the scholars? Your son was grown up, memorized the Qur'an and was knowledgeable in Fiqh and Hadith. He said, I saw in a dream as if we it was the Day of Judgment and there were many children who are carrying cups of water and met the people to give them water. The Day was very hot and I said to one of them, give me some water. He looked at me and said you are my father. I said who are you? He said, we are the children who died in the religion of Islam and we foreran our fathers to give them the water to drink. For this reason I hoped for his death." Muslim reported on the authority of Abu Hasan who said that, "I said to Abu Hurairah talk with us about something that may relieve us from our sadness concerning our dead.” He said, they are the boys of Paradise and they meet their fathers or their parents and catch their clothes or hands and don't leave them until they enter Paradise.” 3
马立克·伊本·迪纳尔（愿安拉喜悦他）说："在我生命的初期，我沉溺于各种娱乐和饮酒。我买了一名女奴，与她发生了性关系，她生下了一个女孩。我真心地爱着这个女孩。她长大了，开始学走路。"
Malik Ibn Dinar (may Allah be pleased with him) said, " At the be ginning of my life I indulged in every type of amusement and wine drinking. I bought a slave girl and I had a sexual intercourse with her and she gave birth to a girl. I loved the girl in the true sense of the word. She grew up and started to walk.
每当我想喝水时，她就走过来，把水倒在我手前。她两岁时去世了，我因她的离世而非常悲痛、伤心。后来到了沙阿班月的第十四夜，我睡着了，而且很昏沉。我在梦中看见仿佛已是末日审判之时，我从坟墓中被唤起。接着有一条龙跟在我后面，想要吃掉我。我逃避它，但它不肯放过我。我跑得越快，它就追得越急，我非常恐惧。途中我经过一位老人，他衣着洁净纯白，身体虚弱。我说：“我恳求您保护我，免受这个想要吞噬和毁灭我的塔宁（怪兽）伤害。”他对我说：“我的孩子啊，我是一个非常老的人，无法抵挡这个塔宁。但你要走过去，快快跑，愿真主保护你免受它的伤害。”我继续逃跑，它却一直追着我。我已经靠近火狱的各层，那些火正在沸腾，我几乎要坠入其中。我听见有人说：“在这个不幸的人被他的敌人追上之前，把他救出来。”于是，大门打开，帷幕被掀起，我看见有一些孩子，面容如月，正望着我。我的女儿也在其中，她看见我后，走下一段光的阶梯，用她的右手拍打那东西，结果塔宁逃走了。她坐在我的膝上，说：“我的父亲啊，{信道的人们，难道还没有到他们的心为真主的记念和已降临的真理而谦卑的时候吗？}（《铁器章》：16）
Whenever I wanted to drink she came and poured it before my hands. When she was two years old she died and I was very distressed and sad because of her death. Then when it was the fourteenth night of Sha'ban I slept and I was very intoxicated. I saw in my dream as if we are on the Day of Judgment and I was raised from my grave. Then there was a dragon following me and wanted to eat me. I fled from it but it did not leave me alone. The more I ran fast, the more it hurried and I was very fearful. On my way I passed by an old man with a clean and pure clothes and feeble body. I said, I entreat you to protect me from this tannin which want to eat and destroy me. He said to me, O my son I an a very old man and I am not able to face this tannin. But pass and hurry and may Allah protect you against it. I ran away and it. Followed me. I was very near to the layers of the fire while they were boiling and I was about to fall into them. I heard someone saying; rescue this wretched person before his enemy reaches him. Thereupon the gates were open and curtains were pulled up and there were children, with faces like the moon, looking at me. My daughter was amongst them and when she saw me she went down to a scale of light and beat it with her its right hand and consequently the tannin ran away. She sat in my lap and said, O my father, {has not the time arrived for the believers that their hearts in all humility should engage in the remembrance of Allah and of the truth which has been revealed ( to them)} (AI-Haddid: 16)
我对她说:"我的女儿啊,你知道伟大的《古兰经》吗?"她回答说:"我们比你更了解它。"我说:"我的女儿啊,你们在这里做什么?"她说:"我们是那些已经死去、被安置在这里、等待你直到审判日的穆斯林孩子。"我问她:"我的女儿啊,那条想要毁灭我的龙是什么?"她说:"我的父亲啊,那是你的丑恶行为,你不断地增强它,直到它想要毁灭你。"我又问她:"这个虚弱的人是谁?"她说:"那是你的善功,你削弱了它,以致它无法抵挡你的丑恶行为。所以你要向真主悔罪,不要成为那些走向毁灭的人中的一员。"于是我从睡梦中醒来,从那一刻起我向真主悔罪。
I said to her, "O my daughter do you know the Glorious Qur'an? She replied, "We know it more than you, I said, "O my daughter, what do you do here? We are the Muslim children who died and were placed here until the Day of Judgment awaiting you." I asked her, "O my daughter what is this dragon who wants to destroy me? She said, "O my father, this is your odious deeds you strengthened it until it wants to destroy you. I asked her who is this feeble man? She said, "This is your good deeds you weakened it until it was unable to face your odious deeds. So repent to Allah and be not among those who are destroyed." Then I rose from my sleep and I repented to Allah from this time.
因此,请你思考(愿真主怜悯你)幼年子女——无论男女——之死所带来的福分。若父母忍耐,向真主寻求补偿,并说:"赞美真主,我们确是真主的,我们确要归还他。"那么他们将因这些子女获得回报。他们也将得到真主所许诺的赏赐:{他们遭遇灾难时说:我们确是真主的,我们确要归还他。}(《黄牛》:156)
Therefore, contemplate (may Allah have mercy towards you) the blessing of the death of children, whether male or female, while they are younger. Their parents will have the reward of them if they are patient and seek the compensation from Allah and say, praise be to Allah, to Allah we belong and to him is our return. They, in return, have what Allah has promised them, {Who say, when afflicted with calamity: to Allah we belong.} (AI-Baqarah: 156)
即，我们和我们的财产都属于真主，祂有权依祂的意愿处置它们。我们终将归于祂。”这是一种承认：万物都将毁灭，万物都将回归真主。
i.e. we and our property is for Allah and He has the right to dispose with it as He wills. And to Him is our return." this is an admission that every thing will be destroyed and every thing will return to Allah.
以圣门弟子萨乌班(愿安拉喜悦他)的传述,他说:"安拉的使者(愿主赐他尊荣与平安)ﷺ说:'人遭受灾祸,必定是由于两种原因之一:或是因为一项罪过,除非借这场灾祸,否则不会得到宽恕;或是因为一种品级,除非借这场灾祸,否则他永远无法达到。'"1
On the authority of Thawban (may Allah be pleased with him) who said, "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Never is a person afflicted with calamity unless it is due to two things, either because of a sin which will not be forgiven except by this calamity or because of a certain status which he will never attain except through this calamity.” 1
赛义德·本·朱拜尔说:"这个民族在遭遇灾难时被赐予了一样东西,是在它之前的众先知所未曾得到的,即{我们确是属于真主的,我们确是要归于他的}。"他接着说:"如果先知们被赐予了这句话,它本应赐给雅各布(愿主赐福他)。他说:{哀哉约瑟!}"
Sa'id Ibn Jubair said, "This nation was given something at time of calamity which the Prophets preceding it were deprived of i.e., {To Allah we belong and to Him is our return." He proceeded to say, "If the Prophets were granted with it, it would be given to Jacob (pbuh) who said, "How great is my grief for Yusuf} (Yusuf: 84)
据乌姆·赛莱玛（愿真主喜悦她）传述，她说：我听到真主的使者（愿真主赐予他福安）说："任何人遭遇灾难时说：'我们确实是属于真主的，我们必定归向祂。主啊！求你在我的灾难中给我补偿，并以比它更好的事物代替我。'那么真主必定会在他的灾难中给他补偿，并以比它更好的事物代替他。"乌姆·赛莱玛说：当艾布·赛莱玛去世时，我说：谁比艾布·赛莱玛更好呢？然后我说了这些话，真主便以真主的使者（愿真主赐予他福安）代替了我。"2
On the authority of Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) who said, I heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) saying, "Never is a person afflicted with a calamity and say, "To Allah we belong and to him is our return. 0 Allah! Reward me in my calamity and compensate me with something better than it, and Allah not reward him and compensate him with something better than it." Umm Salamah said, when Abu Salamah died, I said, who is better than Abu Salamah then I said it and Allah compensated me with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh).” 2
据阿米尔·沙阿比（Al-Shu'bi）传述，舒莱赫（Shuraih）说：当我遭遇灾祸时，我会感谢真主四件事：我感谢祂没有让我遭受比这更严重的灾难；我感谢祂赐予我忍耐的力量；我感谢祂帮助我去期盼所应得的回报；我感谢祂没有使这灾祸成为我宗教中的事。至高无上的真主说：{这些人，必受主的赦宥和慈悯，他们是遵循正道的人。}（《黄牛》：157）
On the authority of AI-Shu'bi who said, Shuraih said, when I have been afflicted with a calamity. I thank Allah four times, I thank Him that He did not afflict me with something more grievous than it, I thank Him for granting me patience for it. I thank Him that he helped me to review what I hope of reward and I thank Him that he did not make it in my religion. Allah the Almighty said, {They are those on whom (descended) blessings from their Lord, and mercy, and they are the ones that receive guidance.} (AI-Baqarah: 157)
这里的“祝福”指的是慈悲与宽恕。{他们是得到引导的人}的意思是，他们是被引导去审视自己的言行的人。也有人说，他们是被引导进入乐园并获得回报的人。
Here blessings mean mercy and forgiveness. {They are the ones that receive guidance} means, they are the ones who are guided to review their works and deeds. It is also said that they are the ones who are guided to Paradise and rewards.
以下为萨义德·本·穆塞布（Sa'id Ibn Al-Musayyab）传自欧麦尔·本·哈塔卜（愿安拉喜悦他）的传述。
One the authority of Sa'id Ibn AI-Musayyab from 'Umar Ibn AI Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him)
他在对以下经文的注释中说道：{他们是那些受到主的祝福与慈悲的人}，他们是多么有福。他又说：{他们是那些蒙受引导的人}，这一提升是多么有福。1
who said in his comment on, {They are the ones on whom (descended blessings from their Lord, and mercy}, how blessed they are. He said also, {they are the ones that receive guidance.} how blessed is this promotion. 1
凡遭受灾祸之人，若以嚎啕大哭、放声悲号、拍打脸颊、撕裂衣袋、披头散发、剃光、剪断或拔掉头发等方式表示不满，那么他便是在招致真主的震怒，并自我诅咒，无论他是男是女。
As for the person who is afflicted with a calamity and he displayed his dissatisfaction through wailing and bursting in loud lamenting, slapping one's cheeks, ripping one's pockets, dishevelling, shaving, cutting off, or plucking out one's hair. He will invoke Allah's wrath and curse upon himself whether he is a man or a woman.
据传，在遭遇灾祸时拍打自己的大腿，会使人失去应得的回报。
It is also reported that beating over one's thighs at the time of calamity deprives the person the reward.
又有传述说："遭遇灾祸的人，如果撕裂衣服、拍打脸颊、扯破口袋或拔掉头发，他就像拿着自己的箭想与真主作战的人。"此前已提到，真主不会因眼泪或心中的悲伤而惩罚人，而是因为他们舌头所说的话，以及在遭遇灾祸时大声哀号、哭喊所说的话而惩罚他们。此前也已提到，死者会因他被哀悼时的哭嚎而受到惩罚。因此，如果女人哀号说："我的主宰啊，我的依靠啊，或者给我穿衣的人啊！"那么这人就会受到惩罚，并且会有人对他说："你是她的主宰吗？你是她的依靠吗？你是给她穿衣的人吗？"所以，大声哀号是不被允许的，因为它会加剧悲痛，助长急躁。它也违背了对真主前定的顺从，以及对真主命令的服从。
It is also reported that, "Whoever is afflicted with a calamity and he tears his clothes, slaps his face, rips his pockets or plucks out his hair, he resembles the one who takes his arrow and wants to fight Allah." It is previously mentioned that Allah does not torture the people because of the tears of the eyes or the grief of the heart. Rather He tortures them for the returns of their tongues and what they say at the time of affliction of loud lamenting and crying. It is also previously mentioned that the dead is tortured with what he was lamented with. So, if the woman laments and says O my sustainer, O my helper, or the one who clothes me, the person will be tortured and it will be said to him, are you her sustainer, are you her helper, are you the one who clothes her? Therefore, loud lamenting is not allowed for it enraged the grief and encourages impatience. It "also goes against the satisfaction with Allah's destiny and submitting to Allah's orders.
萨利赫·阿尔-马里说:有一个星期四的傍晚,我正在坟墓之间,不知不觉睡着了。我在梦中看见,仿佛坟墓裂开,死者被唤醒,坐成许多群(圈),他们上方降下了盖着的盘子。他们中间有一个年轻人,正遭受各种刑罚的折磨。我走到他跟前问道:"年轻人啊,你为何在这些人中受到折磨?"他对我说:"萨利赫啊,我恳求你把我接下来要告诉你的话传达出去,尽到你的责任,并发慈悲救我脱离苦难,愿至能的安拉使你成为带给我解脱的人。我死后,我的母亲召集了许多女人,每天为我哀哭、号泣。"
Salih AI-Mari said, once one Thursday evening I was among the graves and sleep overcome me. I saw in my dream as if the graves were cracked and the dead were raised and sat in many sessions (circles) and upon them there were covered plates descended. There was amongst them a young man who was tormented with all types of torture. I went to him and asked, O young man, why are you tortured from amongst these people? He said to me, O Salih, I entreat you to transfer what I will say to you and pay the trust arid be merciful to rescue me from my grief, may Allah the Almighty make you the one who will bring me salvation. When I died and my mother gathered many women and lamented and wailed over me every day.
我被他们的哭嚎折磨，火焰从四面八方将我包围，因为他们所说的话。愿真主不因我而给她任何善报。然后他开始哭泣，直到我因他的状况而哭了起来。他接着说：“噢，Salih，去见我的母亲。”他告诉我她的住处，并说：“你去对她说，你为什么要折磨你的儿子？她养育了我，保护我免受灾祸；而我死后，她却把我投入了刑罚之中。噢，我的母亲，如果你看到我的状况，看到我脖子上的枷锁、脚上的镣铐，以及折磨我的天使的鞭打，你就会怜悯我。如果你不停止你所说的哭嚎和哀号，真主将在复活日在你和我之间作出裁决。”Salih说：“我惊恐地醒来，留在原地直到黎明时分。早上，我来到这个村庄，我唯一的心愿就是找到这位年轻人母亲的家。我打听她，最终找到了她。”
I was tormented with their wailing and the fire surrounded me from all directions because of what they said. May Allah not reward her with any good because of me. Then he started weeping until I wept due to his state. He then said O Salih go to my mother, and he told me about her place, and say to her, why do you torment your son? She brought me up and protected me against misfortunes and when I died she threw me into the torture. O my mother, if you saw my state, the chains in my neck, the cuffs in my feet, and the angels of torture beating me, you will be merciful towards me. If you do not give up what you say of wailing and lamenting, Allah will judge between you and me on the Day of Judgment. Salih said, I woke up in fear and stayed in my place until the time of dawn. In the morning, I went to this village and I had no concern except to reach the house of the mother of this young man. I asked about her and I reached her.
她家的门被熏黑了，门外传来悲痛哀号和哭泣的声音。我敲了门，一位老妇人走了出来，问道："你要什么？"我说："我要找那位去世的年轻人的母亲。"她问："你找她有什么事？她正沉浸在悲痛之中。"我对她说："请你把她叫出来，我有她儿子托我带给她的话。"老妇人进去告诉了她。母亲出来了，身穿黑衣，因为长期哭泣悲号，脸色发黑。她问我："你是谁？"
The door of her house was blackened and the sound of lamenting and wailing was heard from outside of the house. I knocked the door and there came an old woman and said what do you want? I said, I want the mother of the youth who died. She asked what do you want from her? She is engaged with her grief. I said to her summon her for I have a message for her from her son. She entered and told her. The mother came out wearing black clothes and her face was black out of oft wailing and weeping. She asked me who I was?
我说:我是萨利赫·阿尔·马里。昨天我在坟墓那里,然后某某人对你的儿子做了这样那样的事。
I said, I am Salih AI Mari. Yesterday I was at the graves and so and so have happened to me with your son.
我看见他遭受折磨,并且说:"啊,我的母亲!您养育我,保护我免受灾祸;而我死后,您却把我投入了折磨之中。如果您不放弃您所说的哭号与哀悼,那么真主将在复活日于您和我之间作出裁决。"她听到这话,便昏厥过去了。
I saw him tortured and saying, O my mother, you brought me up and protected me against misfortunes and when I died you threw me into the torture. If you do not give up what you say of wailing and lamenting, Allah will judge between you and me on the Day of Judgment. Upon hearing that, she fell unconscious.
当她恢复理智之后，她痛哭流涕，说道："哦，我的儿子，他对我来说是如此珍贵！如果我早知道，我绝不会这样做，我向安拉忏悔我所做的一切。"然后她走进家里，换了衣服，拿出一个装满迪拉姆的袋子交给我，说道："哦，Salih，请你代表我的儿子把这些迪拉姆施舍出去。"
When she restored her state, she grievously wept and said Omy son it is so cherished to me and if I knew, I would never do it and I repent to Allah from my doing. Then she entered her house, changed her clothes and gave me a suite filled with Dirhams and said, O Salih, give these Dirhams in charity on behalf of my son.
萨利赫向她告别,为她向真主祈祷,然后离去,并将那些迪拉姆施舍出去。下一个星期四的夜晚,我像往常一样去了墓地,然后睡着了。我在梦中看到墓地里的人从坟墓中起身,围坐成圈,而他们之上降下了盘子。
Salih said goodbye to her, supplicated to Allah for her, went away and gave the dirhams in charity. On the night of the next Thursday, I went to the graves as I used to do and I slept. I saw in my dream that the people in the cemetery rose from their graves and sat in circles and upon them the plates were descended.
这位年轻人在他们中间非常高兴，态度也very亲切，随后有人端来一个盘子，他便接了过来。
The young man was very happy and delightful amongst them and to him there came a plate and he took it.
当他看见我时，他向我走近，说道："啊，Salih，愿真主以最好的方式回报你为我所做的一切。"全能的真主使我脱离了刑罚，因为我的母亲停止了哀号和悲叹。施舍的回报也传到了我这里。Sahih说："这些盘子是什么？"这些是活人送给死者的礼物，有施舍、诵读《古兰经》和祈祷。每晚都有这样的东西降临到他们身上。据说这是某某送给你的礼物。所以，你回到我的母亲那里，向她致以问候，并对她说：愿真主以最好的方式回报你为我所做的一切。我已经收到了你为我施舍的回报，你很快就会加入我们，所以你要做好准备。Salih说："过了几天，我醒来并来到这个年轻人母亲的家。我在她的门口发现了一副灵柩。我问：这副灵柩是为谁而设的？"
When he saw me, he advanced towards me and said, O Salih, may Allah reward you in the best way for me, Allah the Almighty relieved me from the torture because my mother gave up wailing and lamenting. The reward of charity also reached me. Sahih said, what are these plates? These are the presents of the living people to their dead, from charity, recitation of the Qur'an and supplication. They descended upon them every night of thus. It is said this is the present of so and so to you. So, return to my mother and send peace upon her and say to her may Allah reward you in the best way for me. I received the reward of your charity on behalf of me and you will join us soon, so prepare yourself. Salih said, "I awake and come to the house of the mother of this youth after some days. I found a bier at its door. I asked for whom this bier is placed?
他们回答说:“是那个少年的母亲。”我为她礼拜,她与她的儿子一同被埋葬在这座坟墓里。我为他们祈求真主,然后离开了。我们祈求真主使我们在归顺时死去,使我们与善人同在,并保佑我们免于火狱,因为祂是至慷慨的、至宽恕的、至仁慈的。
They replied, for the mother of the youth. I offered prayer upon her and she was buried beside her son in this grave. I supplicated Allah for them and went away. We ask Allah to cause us to die while we are Muslims and join us to the righteous people and protect us from the Fire, for He is Ever-Generous, Ever Relenting and Ever-Merciful.