أ--- يشمل ذلك جميع أعمال المعصية التي سمّاها الشارع «كفرًا»، مع بقاء فاعلها مسلمًا، ومن ذلك قول النبي ﷺ: «لا ترجعوا بعدي كفارًا، يضرب بعضكم رقاب بعض». (رواه البخاري ومسلم)

A--- This includes all deeds of disobedience the Legislator called "Kufr" disbelief, though the doer is still regarded as Muslim. This is such as the saying of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) that reads: "Do not return to disbelief after me (my death) by striking the necks of one another." (Bukhari and Muslim)

قال النبي ﷺ: «سِبابُ المُسلِمِ فُسوقٌ، وقِتالُهُ كُفرٌ» (رواه البخاري ومسلم)

His (Peace be upon him) saying, "Abusing a Muslim is an outrage and fighting against him is disbelief " (Bukhari and Muslim)

ولهذا سمّى النبيُّ ﷺ قتالَ المسلمين بعضِهم بعضًا «كفرًا»، وسمّى فاعلَ ذلك «كافرًا»، بينما يقول القرآنُ الكريم: {وَإِن طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا}

Thus, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) called the fighting of Muslims one against the other "Disbelief" and the doers of this as "Disbelievers", while the Glorious Qur'an says: {And if two parties or groups among the believers fall to fighting, then make peace between them both.

فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَىٰ فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي

But if one of them outrages against the other, then fight you (all)

حَتَّىٰ تَفِيءَ إِلَىٰ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ، فَإِنْ فَاءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوا، إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ. إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ، فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ، وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ}. (الحجرات: ٩، ١٠)

against the one that which outrages till it complies with the Command of Allah. Then if it complies, then make reconciliation between them justly, and be equitable. Verily! Allah loves those who are the equitable. The believers are nothing else than brothers (in Islamic religion). So make reconciliation between your brothers, and fear Allah, that you may receive mercy}. (Al-Hujurat, 9, 10)

مع أن الآية بيّنت أن الطائفتين تقاتلان بعضهما بعضاً، فإن الله تعالى ما زال يسمّيهم "مؤمنين" وينسب إليهم الأخوة الدينية. ولم تذكر الآية شيئاً عن نزع إيمانهم أو نفي أخوتهم الدينية.

Though the verse made clear that the two parties were fighting one another, Allah the Almighty still calls them "believers" and ascribes religious brotherhood to them. The verse mentions nothing about the removal of their faith or the denial of their religious brotherhood.

علاوہ ازیں، اللہ تعالیٰ سورۃ القصاص (قصاص کے حکم) کی آیت میں فرماتا ہے: {پھر اگر قاتل کو مقتول کے بھائی (یا اس کے رشتہ داروں وغیرہ) کی طرف سے کچھ معاف کر دیا جائے تو دیت کی ادائیگی کے ساتھ معروف طریقے کی پیروی کی جائے اور قاتل کو بھلے طریقے سے دیت ادا کرنی چاہیے}۔ (البقرۃ: 178)

In addition, Allah the Almighty says in the verse of Al-Qasas (just retaliation): {But if the killer is forgiven by the brother (or the relatives, etc.) of the deceased against blood-money, then adhering to it with fairness and payment of the blood-money to the heir should be made in fairness}. (Al-Baqarah, 178)

في الآية السابقة، أثبت الله تعالى للقاتل الأخوّة في الدين، ولم ينفِها عنه.

In the previous verse, Allah the Almighty affirmed for the killer the brotherhood in religion and did not remove it from him.

وزيادةً على ذلك، قال النبي ﷺ: «لا يزني الزاني حين يزني وهو مؤمن، ولا يسرق السارق حين يسرق وهو مؤمن، ولا يشرب الخمر حين يشربها وهو مؤمن». رواه عبد الملك بن أبي بكر عن أبي بكر بن عبد الرحمن بن الحارث، ثم قال: وزاد أبو هريرة رضي الله عنه: «ولا ينتهب نهبةً ذات شرف يرفع الناس إليه أبصارهم حين ينتهبها وهو مؤمن». (رواه البخاري ومسلم)

In addition, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) says: "The fornicator who fornicates is not a believer so long as he commits it and no thief who steals is a believer as long as he commits theft, and no drunkard who drinks wine is a believer as long as he drinks it.'" Abdul-Malik Ibn Abu Bakr narrated this on the authority of Abu Bakr Ibn Abdur -Rahman Ibn Harith and then said: Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) made this addition: "No plunderer who plunders a valuable thing that attracts the attention of people is a believer so long as he commits this act." (Bukhari and Muslim)

وَعَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ نَائِمٌ عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبٌ أَبْيَضُ، ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ فَإِذَا هُوَ نَائِمٌ، ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ وَقَدِ اسْتَيْقَظَ، فَجَلَسْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ ﷺ: «مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ ثُمَّ مَاتَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِلَّا دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ». قُلْتُ: وَإِنْ زَنَى وَإِنْ سَرَقَ؟ قَالَ ﷺ: ...

In addition, Abu Dharr (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: I came to the Messenger (Peace be upon him) and he was asleep with a white mantle over him. I again came, he was still asleep, I came again and he had awakened. I sat by his side and (the Prophet) observed: There is none among the slaves who affirmed his faith in La illaha illallah (there is no God but Allah) and died in this state and did not enter Paradise. I (Abu Dharr) said: Even if he committed adultery and theft? He (the Prophet)

نعم، حتى وإن زنى وسرق. قلت: حتى وإن زنى وسرق؟ قال ﷺ

replied: (Yes) even though he committed adultery and theft. I (again said): Even if he committed adultery and theft? He (Peace be upon him)

(نعم) وإن زنى وإن سرق. (وكرر النبي ﷺ ذلك ثلاثاً) وقال بعد الرابعة: «على رغم أنف أبي ذر». فخرج أبو ذر وهو يكرر هذه الكلمات: على رغم أنف أبي ذر. (رواه البخاري ومسلم) وهذا يدل على أنه لم ينفِ الإيمان المطلق عن الزاني والسارق وشارب الخمر والقاتل؛ ولو قصد ذلك لما قال: إن من قال لا إله إلا الله ومات على هذه الحال دخل الجنة، وإن ارتكب هذه المعاصي. بل لا يدخل الجنة إلا المؤمنون. ومن ثم فإن المراد هو نقصان الإيمان أو عدم كماله. أما من ارتكب هذه المعاصي وهو يستحلها ويراها مباحة فهو كافر؛ لأنه بذلك يرد القرآن ويكذب السنة النبوية. بل يكفر إذا اعتقد حل هذه المعاصي ولو لم يفعلها، والله تعالى أعلم.

replied: (Yes) even though he committed adultery and theft. (The Prophet repeated it three times) and said after the fourth time: "In defiance of Abu Dharr." Abu Dharr then went out and he repeated (these words): In defiance of Abu Dharr.” (Bukhari and Muslim) This proves that he did not deny absolute faith regarding the fornicator, thief, wine drinker and the killer; if he intended so, he would not say that whosoever says La illaha illallah and dies in this state, he enters Paradise, even though he commits these deeds of disobedience. In fact, none would enter Paradise except the believers. Hence, what he meant is the in-completion or imperfection of faith. But, whosoever commits such deeds of disobedience, while regarding them lawful and permissible, is a disbeliever. So doing, he rejects the Qur'an and denies the Prophetic Sunnah. Even, he becomes a disbeliever if he thinks them (these deeds of disobedience) lawful and permissible even though he commits them not, and Allah the Almighty is the Best Knower.