4.6 Hadis Tentang Hudud, Rasuah, dan Kesamarataan
4.6 Hadith On Hudud, Corruption, And Equality
Kesaksamaan merupakan komponen penting dalam etika Islam. Namun, tidak semua pengertian tentang "kesaksamaan" itu sama. Konsep kesaksamaan liberal moden, sebagai contoh, berbeza dengan ketara daripada konsep kesaksamaan yang dikemukakan oleh pemikir liberal klasik. Sebagai contoh, menurut bapa-bapa pengasas Amerika, menghalang wanita dan orang kulit hitam daripada mengundi atau memiliki harta adalah sesuatu yang selaras sepenuhnya dengan pemahaman mereka tentang kesaksamaan.
Equality is a crucial component of Islamic ethics. But not all notions of “equality” are the same. The modern liberal notion of equality, for example, significantly diverges from the notion of equality propounded by classical liberal thinkers. For example, according to America’s founding fathers, barring women and blacks from voting or owning property was perfectly consistent with their understanding of equality.
Walau bagaimanapun, satu ungkapan yang sangat jelas tentang kesamaan dalam hal keadilan daripada sabda-sabda Nabi ﷺ terdapat dalam Sahih Bukhari seperti berikut:
Be that as it may, one very explicit expression of equality as it relates to justice from the sayings of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم is found in Sahih Bukhari as follows:
Usamah datang menemui Nabi ﷺ bagi pihak seorang wanita yang telah melakukan kecurian. Nabi ﷺ bersabda, "Umat-umat sebelum kamu telah binasa kerana mereka menjatuhkan hukuman had ke atas orang miskin dan memaafkan orang kaya. Demi Dia yang nyawaku berada di tangan-Nya! Jika Fatimah (puteri Nabi ﷺ) melakukan itu (iaitu mencuri), nescaya aku akan memotong tangannya."
Usama approached the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم on behalf of a woman who had committed theft. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “The people before you were destroyed because they used to inflict the legal punishments on the poor and forgive the rich. By Him in Whose Hand my soul is! If Fatima (the daughter of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم (did that (i.e. stole), I would cut off her hand.”
Riwayat lain mengenai perkara ini yang memberikan butiran tambahan:
Another narration on the matter that provides further details:
Kaum Quraisy menjadi sangat bimbang mengenai wanita Makhzumiyah yang telah melakukan pencurian.
“The Quraish became very worried about the Makhzumiya lady who had committed theft.
Mereka berkata, "Tiada seorang pun yang boleh bercakap (untuk membela wanita itu) kepada Rasulullah ﷺ, dan tiada seorang pun berani berbuat demikian kecuali Usamah, yang merupakan kesayangan Rasulullah ﷺ." Apabila Usamah bercakap kepada Rasulullah ﷺ mengenai perkara itu, Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda, "Adakah engkau hendak memberi syafaat (kepadaku) untuk melanggar salah satu hukuman had Allah?" Kemudian baginda bangun dan berucap kepada orang ramai, sabdanya, "Wahai manusia! Umat-umat sebelum kamu telah sesat kerana apabila seorang yang mulia di kalangan mereka mencuri, mereka membiarkannya, tetapi apabila seorang yang lemah di kalangan mereka mencuri, mereka menjatuhkan hukuman had ke atasnya. Demi Allah, jika Fatimah, puteri Muhammad ﷺ mencuri, nescaya Muhammad ﷺ akan memotong tangannya!"
They said, “Nobody can speak (in favor of the lady) to Allah’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم and nobody dares do that except Usama who is the favorite of Allah’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم. “When Usama spoke to Allah’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم about that matter, Allah’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “Do you intercede (with me) to violate one of the legal punishments of Allah?” Then he got up and addressed the people, saying, “O people! The nations before you went astray because if a noble person committed theft, they used to leave him, but if a weak person among them committed theft, they used to inflict the legal punishment on him. By Allah, if Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad committed theft, Muhammad would cut off her hand!”
Sebahagian orang bukan Islam mungkin berasa janggal dengan idea hukuman fizikal, tetapi saya sememangnya tidak nampak mengapa orang bukan Islam yang waras perlu secara automatik menolak kemungkinan hukuman sebegini sebagai pencegah bagi kecurian yang teruk. Lihat dunia hari ini, di mana bank pelaburan dan syarikat-syarikat besar tidak teragak-agak melakukan penipuan dalam skala global, secara harfiahnya mencuri berbilion dolar daripada orang ramai dan menyebabkan pelbagai krisis kewangan yang telah menggegarkan dunia sepanjang beberapa dekad yang lalu. Walaupun sebahagian daripada bankir ini telah disabitkan kesalahan, adakah mereka menjalani hukuman penjara walau sehari? Sudah tentu tidak! Paling-paling pun mereka didenda. Bayangkan: anda mencuri berbilion dolar dan hanya perlu membayar denda beberapa juta dolar. Bagi saya, itu kedengaran seperti margin keuntungan yang hebat. Namun lihat betapa kerasnya sistem "keadilan" di banyak negara melayan jenayah kecil oleh golongan miskin. Curi sebuah televisyen murah dan anda boleh menghadapi hukuman penjara bertahun-tahun. Di mana kesetaraan dalam hal itu? Salah laku korporat dan kegiatan haram oleh bank pelaburan telah mengakibatkan penderitaan yang tidak terukur di seluruh dunia, apabila berjuta-juta orang kehilangan pekerjaan, kehilangan rumah, dan kehilangan nyawa. Inilah jenayah yang benar-benar layak dikenakan hukuman potong tangan.
Some non-Muslims may bristle at the idea of corporal punishment, but I certainly don’t see why reasonable non-Muslims should automatically disqualify the possibility of such punishment as a deterrent for egregious theft. Look at today’s world, where investment banks and major corporations have no qualms committing fraud on a global scale, literally stealing billions of dollars from the public and causing all manner of financial crises that have rocked the world over the past decades. Even when some of these bankers were convicted of committing these crimes, did they serve a day in jail? Absolutely not! At most they were fined. Imagine that: you steal a billion dollars and only have to pay a fine of a few million dollars. Sounds like a great profit margin to me. But look at how harshly the “justice” system in many countries treats petty crime by the poor. Steal a cheap TV and you could face years in prison. How is that proportional? Where is the equality there? Corporate malfeasance and illegality on the part of investment banks have resulted in immeasurable suffering the world over as millions of people lost their jobs, lost their homes, and lost their lives. These are crimes that truly deserve hand-cutting.
Dalam apa jua keadaan, Nabi ﷺ telah memberi amaran awal tentang akibat kezaliman seperti itu, dan sebagai warganegara serta penduduk negara-negara ini, itu adalah berita buruk bagi kita semua.
In any case, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم forewarned the results of such injustice and as citizens and residents of these nations, that is bad news for all of us.