Wali memiliki mandat untuk memerintah dan mengawasi aktiviti pelbagai jabatan dalam Wilayahnya, dan ini dilakukan bagi pihak Khalifah. Oleh itu, Wali menikmati semua kuasa dalam Wilayahnya kecuali urusan kewangan, kehakiman dan angkatan tentera. Beliau memegang Imarah ke atas rakyat dalam Wilayahnya dan bertanggungjawab mengawasi segala perkara yang berkaitan dengan Wilayah. Walau bagaimanapun, pasukan polis berada di bawah perintahnya dari segi pelaksanaan sahaja dan bukan dari segi pentadbiran.

The Waali has a mandate to rule and to supervise the activities of the various departments within his Wilayah, and this is done on behalf of the Khaleefah. So the Waali enjoys all the powers within his Wilayah except the funds, the judiciary, and the armed forces. He has the Imarah over the people in his Wilayah and is responsible for supervising all matters relating to the Wilayah. However the police would be under his command in terms of the execution only and not in terms of the administration.

Inilah sebabnya kerana Waali ialah wakil Khalifah di tempat yang dilantiknya. Dia mempunyai kuasa wajib yang sama seperti Khalifah, dan dia adalah seperti Mu'awin dari segi pengawasan umum (Wilayah 'Aammah) jika Wilayahnya bersifat umum, iaitu jika dia diberi pengawasan umum di tempat itu. Dia akan mempunyai peranan pengawasan yang khusus, dan dalam perkara-perkara yang berkaitan dengan hal-hal yang dia dilantik untuknya, jika Wilayahnya bersifat khusus (Wilayah Khaassah); maka dalam keadaan sedemikian dia tidak mempunyai mandat untuk memeriksa perkara-perkara lain. Rasulullah ﷺ biasa melantik sebahagian orang dalam Wilayah yang tidak terhad untuk memerintah, yang lain dalam Wilayah umum (Wilayah 'Aammah) yang merangkumi segala-galanya, dan yang lain lagi ke kawasan tertentu dengan Wilayah yang khusus. Baginda ﷺ menghantar Mu'az ke Yaman dan mengajarnya bagaimana untuk bertindak. Al-Bayhaqqi, Ahmad dan Abu Dawood meriwayatkan daripada Mu'az bahawa "Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda kepadanya, ketika Baginda menghantarnya ke Yaman: 'Bagaimana kamu akan memutuskan jika suatu kes dibentangkan kepadamu?' Dia menjawab: 'Dengan Kitab Allah.' Baginda ﷺ bersabda: 'Bagaimana jika kamu tidak menjumpainya (hukum) di situ?' Dia menjawab: 'Saya akan memutuskan dengan Sunnah Rasulullah ﷺ.' Baginda ﷺ bersabda: 'Bagaimana jika kamu tidak menjumpainya di situ?' Dia berkata: 'Saya akan berijtihad dengan pendapat, tanpa menjimatkan usaha.' Lalu Rasulullah ﷺ meletakkan tangannya pada dada saya dan bersabda: 'Segala puji bagi Allah yang telah memberi petunjuk kepada utusan utusan Rasulullah ﷺ kepada apa yang Allah dan Rasul-Nya cintai.'" Baginda ﷺ juga menghantar 'Ali bin Abi Talib ke Yaman tanpa memberinya arahan, kerana Baginda yakin dengan ilmu dan kecekapannya. Apabila Baginda ﷺ melantik Mu'az, Baginda menyerahkan urusan Solat dan Sedekah kepadanya. Baginda ﷺ melantik Farwa bin Musayk sebagai 'Amil ke atas Murad, Muzhij dan Zabeed, dan Baginda ﷺ menghantar bersamanya Khalid bin Sa'eed yang bertanggungjawab ke atas Sedekah. Semua ini menunjukkan bahawa Waali memiliki semua kuasa pemerintahan yang wajib, sebagaimana jelas daripada arahan yang diberikan kepada Mu'az dan tidak diberikan kepada 'Ali. Ia juga menunjukkan bahawa Rasulullah ﷺ memberikan kepada sebahagian Wulah wilayah umum ke atas solat dan sedekah, manakala kepada yang lain baginya diberikan wilayah khusus yang meliputi solat sahaja, atau sedekah sahaja.

This is because the Waali is a deputy of the Khaleefah in the place where He appoints him. He has the same mandatory powers that the Khaleefah has, and He is like the Mu’awin in terms of general supervision (Wilayah ‘Aammah) if his Wilayah were general, i.e. if He was given general supervision in that place. He would have a specific supervisory role, and in matters related to those for which He was appointed, if his Wilayah was specific (Wilayah Khaassah); then in such a case He would have no mandate to examine other matters. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) used to appoint some people in an unrestricted Wilayah over ruling, others in a general Wilayah (Wilayah ‘Aammah) covering everything, and others to a specific area and with a specific Wilayah. He (saws) sent Mu’az to Yemen and taught Him how to procced. Al-Bayhaqqi, Ahmad and Abu Dawood narrated on the authority of Mu’az that “The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said to him, when He (pbuh) sent Him to Yemen; ‘How would you rule if a case was presented to you?’ He said; ‘By the Book of Allah.’ He (pbuh) said; ‘What if you do not find it (the verdict) there?’ He replied; ‘I would judge by the Sunnah of Allah’s Messenger.’And He (pbuh) said; ‘What if you do not find it there?’ He said; ‘I would exert an opinion (perform Ijtihad), saving no effort.’ Upon this the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) put his hand on my chest and said; ‘Praise be to Allah Who has guided the Messenger of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) to what Allah and His Messenger love.’” He (pbuh) also sent Ali bin Abi Talib to Yemen without instructing him, because He was confident about his knowledge and competence. When He (pbuh) appointed Mu’az He assigned the Salah and the Sadaqah to him. He (pbuh) appointed Farwa bin Musayk as an ‘Amil over Murad, Muzhij and Zabeed and He sent with Him Khalid bin Sa’eed in charge of the Sadaqah. All this demonstrates that the Waali has all the mandatory powers of ruling, as is evident by the instructions given to Mu’az and not given to ‘Ali. It also demonstrates that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) gave some Wulah general Wilayah over the Salah and the Sadaqah, while He gave others a specific Wilayah covering the Salah only, or the Sadaqah only.

However, although the Khaleefah is permitted to appoint a Waali in a general Wilayah, or in a specific one, it has also been confirmed from the general Wilayah given to Mu’awiya that he managed to become independent of the Khaleefah during the days of ‘Uthman, and ‘Uthman’s authority over him was not apparent. In the wake of ‘Uthman’s death he caused the Fitna (civil strife) due to the mandatory ruling powers given to him over everything in Ash-Sham. This was also the case during the decline of the Abbassid Khulafaa’ where the Wilayaat became independent and the Khaleefah’s authority over them was reduced to having Dua’a (supplications) performed for him and the currency engraved with his name. Therefore, giving a general Wilayah causes harm to the Islamic State. Thus, the Waali should be given a restricted Wilayah in a way that would prevent him from becoming independent of the Khaleefah. Since the main factors contributing to a breakaway would be the armed forces, funds and the judiciary, because the armed forces represent the power, the funds represent the “life blood” and the judiciary demonstrates the safeguarding of the rights and the execution of the penal codes, the Wulah should be given a specific (Khassah) Wilayah that excludes the judiciary, the armed forces and the funds. Delegating these to the Waali would encourage a potential breakaway and this would undermine the State’s authority. However, because the Waali is a ruler, and because he ought to have the executive power, the police would be under his command, and his Imarah would cover the police force as well as all other domains within the Wilayah, except for the three departments mentioned above. Since the police force is part of the armed forces, its administration should remain under the army command. Nevertheless it would be at the Waali’s disposal in terms of execution.

However, although the Khaleefah is permitted to appoint a Waali in a general Wilayah, or in a specific one, it has also been confirmed from the general Wilayah given to Mu’awiya that He managed to become independent of the Khaleefah during the days of ‘Uthman, and ‘Uthman’s authority over Him was not apparent. In the wake of ‘Uthman’s death He caused the Fitna (civil strife) due to the mandatory ruling powers given to Him over everything in Ash-Sham. This was also the case during the decline of the Abbassid Khulafaa’ where the Wilayaat became independent and the Khaleefah’s authority over them was reduced to having Dua’a (supplications) performed for Him and the currency engraved with his name. Therefore, giving a general Wilayah causes harm to the Islamic State. Thus, the Waali should be given a restricted Wilayah in a way that would prevent Him from becoming independent of the Khaleefah. Since the main factors contributing to a breakaway would be the armed forces, funds and the judiciary, because the armed forces represent the power, the funds represent the “life blood” and the judiciary demonstrates the safeguarding of the rights and the execution of the penal codes. Therefore the Wulah should be given a specific (Khassah) Wilayah that excludes the judiciary, the armed forces and the funds, Delegating these to the Waali would encourage a potential breakaway and this would undermine the State’s authority. However, because the Waali is a ruler, and because He ought to have the executive power, the police would be under his command, and his Imarah would cover the police force as well as all other domains within the Wilayah, except for the three departments mentioned above. Since the police force is part of the armed forces, its administration should remain under the army command. Nevertheless it would be at the Waali’s disposal in terms of execution.

Wali tidak wajib melaporkan kepada Khalifah tentang tugas-tugas yang dilaksanakannya menurut Imarahnya, melainkan jika dia memilih untuk berbuat demikian. Jika timbul suatu perkara luar biasa, dia hendaklah memaklumkan kepada Khalifah dan menunggu arahannya, kemudian melaksanakan apa yang diperintahkan oleh Khalifah. Jika dia merasakan bahawa perkara itu tidak boleh ditangguhkan dan memerlukan tindakan segera, dia hendaklah menanganinya dengan serta-merta, kemudian memaklumkan kepada Khalifah dengan menyatakan alasannya kerana tidak berunding dengannya sebelum mengambil tindakan.

The Waali is not obliged to report back to the Khaleefah on the tasks He performs according to his Imarah unless if He chooses to do so. If an unusual matter were to arise, He should inform the Khaleefah and wait for his instructions, and then execute what the Khaleefah ordered. If He felt that the matter could not wait and needed immediate action, He should deal with the matter immediately, and then inform the Khaleefah stating his reasons for not consulting Him before taking action.

Mengenai perbezaan antara pembantu yang diwakilkan (wazir tafwid) dengan Waali dari segi keperluan pembantu itu melaporkan kepada Khalifah tentang setiap tindakan yang dilakukannya, sedangkan Waali tidak perlu berbuat demikian, ini kerana pembantu yang diwakilkan itu adalah timbalan Khalifah sendiri dan wakil baginya, dan dia melaksanakan tindakan-tindakan Khalifah. Oleh itu, sekiranya Khalifah meninggal dunia, pembantu itu akan dilucutkan jawatan. Hal ini tidak terpakai kepada Waali, kerana Waali bukan wakilnya mahupun timbalannya secara peribadi, dan dia tidak melaksanakan tindakan-tindakan Khalifah. Oleh itu, dia tidak dilucutkan jawatan apabila Khalifah meninggal dunia.

Regarding the difference between the delegated assistant and the Waali in terms of the necessity that the assistant reports to the Khaleefah on every action He performs, while the Waali needs not to do so, this is because the delegated assistant is a deputy of the Khaleefah himself and a Wakeel (representative) for him, and He performs the Khaleefah’s actions. Hence if the Khaleefah were to pass away the assistant would be removed. This does not apply to the Waali, because the Waali is neither his Wakeel nor deputy for Him personally or does He perform his actions. Therefore, He is not removed once the Khaleefah passes away.

Rasulullah ﷺ melantik para Wulah baginda tanpa meminta mereka melaporkan kepada baginda tentang tugas-tugas yang mereka laksanakan, dan mereka juga tidak melaporkannya kepada baginda. Mereka melaksanakan tugas atas inisiatif mereka sendiri, masing-masing memerintah Imarah mereka mengikut apa yang mereka anggap sesuai. Begitulah keadaan Mu'az, 'Attab Ibnu Usayd, Al-Ala' Ibnul-Hadhrami dan semua Wulah yang lain. Ini menunjukkan bahawa Waali tidak wajib melaporkan kepada Khaleefah tentang mana-mana tugasnya. Dalam aspek ini, Waali berbeza daripada Mu'awin, kerana Mu'awin mesti melaporkan dan berunding dengan Khaleefah dalam setiap tugas yang dilaksanakannya, manakala Waali tidak diwajibkan berbuat demikian. Khaleefah pula mesti meneliti setiap tindakan yang dilakukan oleh Mu'awin, tetapi baginda tidak diwajibkan melakukan perkara yang sama terhadap Waali, walaupun baginda bertanya tentang keadaan Wulah dan menyemak maklumat mengenai mereka. Oleh itu, Waali mempunyai jalan tindakan yang tidak terhad dalam Wilayahnya. Inilah sebabnya Mu'az berkata kepada Rasulullah ﷺ ketika beliau diutus ke Yaman:

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) appointed his Wulah without asking them to report back to Him about the duties they performed, and they did not report back to him. They performed their duties on their own initiatives, each one of them ruling over his Imarah as they deemed fit. That was the case with Mu’az, ‘Attab Ibnu Usayd, Al-Ala’ Ibnul-Hadhrami and all his other Wulah. This demonstrates that the Waali does not have to report back to the Khaleefah about any of his duties. In this aspect, He differs from the Mu’awin, as the Mu’awin must report back and consult the Khaleefah in every task He performs, whereas the Waali is not obliged to do so. The Khaleefah in turn must examine every action undertaken by the Mu’awin, but He is not obliged to do the same with the Waali, although He enquires about the situation of the Wulah and review information about them. Therefore, the Waali has an unrestricted course of action within his Wilayah. This is why Mu’az said to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) when He was sent to Yemen:

“Saya akan mengerahkan pendapat saya sendiri.” Ini menjadi bukti bahawa Waali tidak perlu melaporkan kembali atau berunding dengan Khalifah, sebaliknya mengerahkan pendapatnya sendiri. Beliau boleh berunding dengan Khalifah dan meminta pendapatnya dalam perkara-perkara yang penting, tetapi dalam perkara-perkara yang tidak penting, beliau tidak perlu berunding dengannya, supaya urusan rakyat tidak tertangguh. Jika timbul sesuatu perkara yang luar biasa, beliau hendaklah merujuknya kepada Khalifah, kerana pelantikan Wilayah ialah Khalifah mewakilkan kepada Waali Imarah sesebuah negeri atau wilayah ke atas seluruh rakyatnya untuk melaksanakan tugas-tugas biasa. Jika timbul perkara yang tidak biasa, beliau hendaklah melaporkannya kepada Khalifah, melainkan jika beliau bimbang akan berlakunya kerosakan akibat penangguhan dalam menangani perkara itu, maka dalam keadaan tersebut beliau hendaklah bertindak dengan segera dan kemudian memaklumkan perkara itu kepada Khalifah.

“I will exert my own opinion.” This serves as a proof that the Waali does not need to report back nor consult the Khaleefah, but exerts his own opinion. He can consult the Khaleefah and ask for his opinion on important matters, but when it comes to matters that are not important, He would not consult Him lest people’s affairs were delayed. If an unusual matter were to arise, He should refer it to the Khaleefah, because the appointment of the Wilayah is that the Khaleefah delegates to the Waali the Imarah of a country or province over its entire people to carry out the ordinary duties. If an inordinary matter were to arise, He should report to the Khaleefah, unless He feared that some mischief might occur due to the delay in dealing with the matter, in which case He should act at once and then notify the Khaleefah of that matter.

Tempoh wilayah bagi seseorang itu sebaiknya tidak terlalu panjang. Adalah lebih baik untuk membebaskannya daripada jawatan tersebut sekiranya dia telah mantap kedudukannya, atau apabila orang ramai telah tertarik dengan peribadinya.

The time period of Wilayah for the person should not be a lengthy period. It would be best to relieve Him if He became established or if people became attracted to his personality.

Rasulullah ﷺ dahulu melantik Wulah untuk satu tempoh tertentu dan kemudian menggantikan mereka, dan tiada seorang Waali pun kekal di Wilayah beliau sepanjang zaman Rasulullah ﷺ. Ini menunjukkan bahawa seorang Waali tidak sepatutnya dilantik secara kekal, tetapi hanya untuk tempoh yang singkat, selepas itu dia dilucutkan. Namun, dalil mengenai panjang tempoh ini, iaitu sama ada ia sepatutnya panjang atau pendek, tidak ditentukan oleh perbuatan Rasulullah ﷺ. Apa yang berkaitan dengan perkara ini hanyalah bahawa Rasulullah ﷺ tidak mengekalkan seorang Waali di jawatannya sepanjang hayat baginda. Telah thabit dengan pasti bahawa baginda ﷺ dahulu melantik Wulah kemudian menggantikan mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, fitnah yang menggoncang Ummah disebabkan oleh tempoh Wilayah Mu'awiyah yang panjang ke atas Ash-Sham pada zaman 'Umar dan 'Uthman. Ini membawa kepada kesimpulan bahawa tempoh Wilayah yang panjang boleh memudaratkan kaum Muslimin dan Negara. Oleh itu, tempoh Wilayah tidak sepatutnya panjang.

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) used to appoint Wulah for a period of time and relieve them, and no Waali remained at his Wilayah during the whole era of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). This indicates that the Waali should never be appointed permanently, but only for a short spell after which He is removed. However, evidence about the length of this period i.e. whether it should be long or short, has not been determined by the actions of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). All that is related to this matter is that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) did not keep a Waali at his post during the whole of his life. It has been established as a fact that He (pbuh) used to appoint the Wulah and then relieve them. However, the Fitna that shook the Ummah was caused by the lengthy period of Mu’awiya’s Wilayah over Ash-Sham during the times of ‘Umar and ‘Uthman. This leads us to the conclusion that a lengthy period of Wilayah could harm the Muslims and the State. This is why the period of Wilayah should not be long.

Wali tidak boleh dipindahkan dari satu wilayah ke wilayah yang lain, kerana walaupun perlantikannya bersifat umum, ia adalah ke atas kawasan tertentu. Oleh itu, dia hendaklah dilucutkan jawatan terlebih dahulu, kemudian barulah dilantik semula.

The Waali should not be transferred from one Wilayah to another, because although his appointment is of a general nature, it is over a specific area. Thus, He should be relieved first and then reappointed.

Ini jelas daripada tindakan Rasulullah ﷺ, di mana baginda biasa memecat Wulah. Tidak dilaporkan bahawa baginda biasa memindahkan seorang Waali dari satu tempat ke tempat lain. Selain itu, Wilayah ialah salah satu jenis akad yang dimeterai dengan lafaz yang jelas. Oleh itu, dalam akad Wilayah ke atas sebuah wilayah atau sebuah negara, kawasan yang akan ditadbir oleh Waali mesti ditentukan, dan dia akan memegang mandat untuk memerintah selagi Khalifah tidak memecatnya. Jika dia tidak dipecat dari kawasan itu, dia akan kekal sebagai Waali ke atasnya. Namun, jika dia dipindahkan ke tempat lain, ini tidak akan menyingkirkannya dari kedudukan pertamanya, dan tidak juga menjadikannya Waali ke atas tempat yang baharu. Ini kerana pemecatannya dari tempat pertama memerlukan lafaz yang jelas yang menyatakan bahawa dia telah dipecat dari Wilayah di sana. Pelantikannya ke atas tempat yang dipindahkan kepadanya memerlukan akad pelantikan baharu sebagai Waali khusus bagi tempat itu. Inilah sebabnya Waali tidak dipindahkan dari satu tempat ke tempat lain, sebaliknya dilucutkan tugasnya dari satu tempat kemudian diberikan Wilayah yang baharu ke atas tempat yang baharu.

This was clear from the actions of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), where He used to remove the Wulah. It has not been reported that He used to transfer a Waali from one place to another. Besides, the Wilayah is one of the types of contracts that are convened with explicit words. So within the contract of Wilayah over a province or a country, the area over which the Waali is to govern must be determined, and He would have the mandate of ruling as long as the Khaleefah does not remove him. If He were not removed from that area He would remain a Waali over it. However if He were transferred to another place this would not remove Him from his first position nor would it make Him a Waali over the new place. This is because his removal from the first place requires a clear word stating that He was removed from the Wilayah there. Appointing Him over the place where He had been transferred requires a new contract of appointment as a Waali specific to that place. This is why the Waali is not transferred from one place to another, but is relieved of his duties from one place and then given a new Wilayah over the new place.