Panji-panji (Alwiyah) dan bendera-bendera (Rayaat) ditetapkan untuk pasukan. Khalifah memberikan panji (Liwaa’) kepada orang yang ia angkat untuk memimpin pasukan; sedangkan bendera-bendera (Rayaat) diserahkan oleh para pemimpin Alwiyah (panji-panji).

Flags (Alwiyah) and banners (Rayaat) are assigned to the army. The Khaleefah gives the flag (Liwaa’) to the one whom He appoints over the army; but the banners (Rayaat) are presented by the chiefs of the Alwiyah (Flags).

Dalil untuk hal ini adalah perbuatan Nabi ﷺ, karena beliau menetapkan panji-panji (Alwiyah) dan bendera-bendera (Rayaat) bagi pasukan. Ibnu Majah meriwayatkan dari Ibnu Abbas bahwa panji (Rayah) Nabi ﷺ berwarna hitam dan benderanya berwarna putih. At-Tirmidzi meriwayatkan dari Bara' bin 'Azib, bahwa ketika ia ditanya tentang Rayah Rasulullah ﷺ, ia menjawab bahwa panji Nabi ﷺ berwarna hitam, persegi, dan terbuat dari Namirah (kain wol yang bergaris putih dan hitam, atau sepotong kain wol seperti yang dikenakan orang-orang Badui), sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam kamus Al-Muhith. Bagi Nabi ﷺ terdapat panji yang disebut Al-'Uqab yang terbuat dari wol hitam. Ahmad dan Ibnu Majah meriwayatkan dari Al-Harits bin Hassan bin Al-Bakri, yang berkata: "Kami datang ke Madinah dan kami melihat Nabi ﷺ di atas mimbar, dengan Bilal berdiri di depannya mengenakan pedangnya, dan ada panji-panji hitam di hadapan Rasulullah ﷺ. Aku bertanya: 'Panji-panji apa ini?' Mereka menjawab: 'Itu adalah 'Amr bin Al-'Ash yang baru saja kembali dari suatu ekspedisi.'" At-Tirmidzi meriwayatkannya dengan redaksi berikut: "Aku datang ke Madinah, masuk ke masjid dan mendapatinya penuh sesak dengan orang-orang, dan ada panji-panji hitam yang berkibar, serta Bilal mengenakan pedang di hadapan Nabi ﷺ. Aku bertanya: 'Ada apa?' Mereka menjawab: 'Beliau ﷺ hendak mengirim 'Amr bin Al-'Ash ke suatu daerah tertentu.'" Ibnu Majah meriwayatkan dari Jabir bahwa Nabi ﷺ memasuki Makkah pada hari penaklukannya dan benderanya berwarna putih. Juga diriwayatkan dari Anas dalam An-Nasa'i bahwa Ibnu Ummi Maktum membawa panji hitam bersama beliau dalam beberapa peperangan Nabi ﷺ. Juga diriwayatkan dari Anas bahwa ketika Nabi ﷺ mengangkat Usamah bin Zaid sebagai amir pasukan untuk menyerang Romawi, beliau mengikatkan benderanya dengan tangannya sendiri. Panji (liwa') berbeda dengan bendera (rayah). Abu Bakr Al-’Arabi berkata; “bendera (liwa’) diikatkan di ujung tombak dan dililitkan padanya, sedangkan panji (rayah) diikatkan pada tombak tetapi dibiarkan agar dihembus angin.” Al-Tirmidzi juga cenderung membedakan keduanya. Ketika ia menulis tentang bendera (al-liwa’), ia membawakan Hadits Jabir yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya, serta memberikan komentar tentang panji, dan membawakan Hadits Al-Bara’a yang juga telah disebutkan sebelumnya. Panji (Rayah) digunakan selama perang dan oleh pemimpin pertempuran sebagaimana diriwayatkan dalam Hadits perang Mu’tah, ketika Zaid terbunuh dan Ja’far mengambil panji tersebut. Adapun bendera (Liwa’) dahulu dipasang di atas perkemahan pasukan sebagai tanda baginya, dan biasanya dipegang untuk Amir pasukan tersebut, sebagaimana terdapat dalam Hadits pengiriman Usamah ke Asy-Syam: “...dan bahwa Rasulullah ﷺ mengikatkan bendera Usamah dengan tangan beliau sendiri”, yakni ketika beliau mengangkatnya sebagai Amir atas pasukan. Perbedaan antara panji dan bendera adalah bahwa bendera diikatkan pada ujung tombak dan disebut “‘Alam”, yang lebih besar daripada panji, serta ditetapkan di tempat pemimpin pasukan. Ia pergi ke mana pun pemimpin itu pergi, sedangkan panji diikatkan pada tombak dan dibiarkan dihembus angin. Pemimpin perang yang menjaganya. Panji disebut ‘induk perang’, sehingga untuk setiap pasukan biasanya terdapat satu panji, tetapi untuk bagian-bagiannya, brigade-brigadenya, dan batalionnya terdapat panji-panji khusus.

The evidence for this is the action of the Prophet (pbuh) because He assigned flags (Alwiyah) and banners (Rayaat) to the army. Ibnu Maja narrated on the authority of Ibnu Abbas that the banner of the Prophet (pbuh) was black and that his flag was white. Tirmithi narrated from Bara bin ‘Azib, that when He was asked about the Rayah of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), He said that the banner of the Prophet (pbuh) was black, square and made of Namerah, (a woollen cloth which has white and black stripes or a woollen piece of cloth like the one that bedouins wear), which is explained in the dictionary of Al-Muheet. For the Prophet (pbuh) there was a banner called Al-’Uqab that was made of black wool. Ahmad and Ibnu Majah narrated from Al-Harith bin Hassaan bin Al-Bakri who said; “We came to Madinah and we saw the Prophet (pbuh) on the Minbar, with Bilal standing in front of Him wearing his sword, and there were black banners in front of the Messenger (pbuh); “I said ‘What are these banners?’ They said; ‘It is ‘Amr bin ‘Al- ’Aas who has just arrived from an expedition.’” Al-Tirmidhi narrated it with the following wording; “I came to Madinah, entered the Masjid and found it crowded with people and there were black banners swaying and Bilal was wearing a sword in front of the Prophet (pbuh), I said ‘what is the matter?’ They said; ‘He (pbuh) wants to send ‘Amr bin ‘Al-’Aas to a certain area.’” Ibn Majah narrated from Jabir that the Prophet (pbuh) entered Makkah on the day of its conquest and his flag was white. It was also narrated from Anas in An-Nasai that Ibnu Umm Maktoum had with Him a black banner in some of the battles of the Prophet (pbuh). It was also narrated from Anas that when the Prophet (pbuh) appointed Usamah bin Zayd as an Ameer of the army to attack the Romans He tied to Him his flag by his hand. The banner is different from the flag. Abu Bakr Al-’Arabi said; “the flag is tied at the end of the spear and is wrapped around it whilst the banner is tied to the spear but is left for the winds to blow.” Al-Tirmithi also inclined to differentiate between them and when He wrote about the flags He brought the Hadith of Jabir mentioned previously as well as commented on the banner, and brought the Hadith of Al-Bara’a that was also mentioned previously. The banner (Rayah) was used during the war and by the leader of the battle as narrated in the Hadith of the battle of Mu’ta, when Zayd was killed and Ja’afar took the banner. With regards to the flag, (Liwa’a) it used to be placed over the camp of the army as a sign for it, and it used to be held for the Ameer of that army as it came in the Hadith of sending Usamah to Ash-Sham “...and that the Messenger (pbuh) tied his (Usamah’s) flag with his hand”, i.e. when He appointed Him an Ameer over the army. The difference between the banner and flag is that the flag is tied to the end of the spear and it was called “‘Alam” which is bigger than the banner and it is assigned to the place of the leader of the army. It goes wherever He goes, whereas the banner is tied to the spear and left for the winds to blow. The leader of the war looks after it. The banner is called the ‘mother of the war’, so for each army there is usually one banner, but for its divisions, brigades and battalions there are special banners.

Pada bendera hitam (rayah) tertulis “La ilaha illa Allah, Mohammad Ar-Rasool ul-Allah” dengan warna putih, dan pada bendera putih (liwaa’) tertulis “La ilaha illa Allah, Mohammad Ar-Rasool ul-Allah” dengan warna hitam.

It is written on the black banner (rayah) “La ilaha illa Allah, Mohammad Ar-Rasool ul-Allah” in white, and written on the white banner (liwaa’) “La ilaha illa Allah, Mohammad Ar-Rasool ul-Allah” in black.

Bendera pertama yang dikibarkan dalam Islam adalah bendera milik ‘Abdullah bin Jahsy. Sebuah panji hitam yang di dalamnya terdapat bulan sabit putih diikatkan kepada Sa’d bin Malik Al-Azdi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa harus ada bendera dan panji bagi pasukan, dan Khalifah mengikatkan bendera atau panji itu kepada siapa pun yang ia angkat sebagai pemimpin pasukan. Mengenai ar-Rayah, boleh bagi Khalifah untuk menentukannya, atau hal itu dapat diserahkan kepada para komandan brigade. Adapun bahwa boleh bagi Khalifah membagikan bendera, hal itu berdasarkan riwayat Muslim dan Al-Bukhari dari Salamah bin Al-Akwa’, bahwa Nabi ﷺ bersabda: “Aku akan memberikan ar-Rayah kepada seorang laki-laki, atau yang akan membawa ar-Rayah besok adalah seorang laki-laki yang dicintai Allah dan Rasul-Nya.” Atau beliau bersabda, “Ia mencintai Allah dan Rasul-Nya... Allah akan memberikan kemenangan melalui tangannya.” Tiba-tiba Ali (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) hadir di sana, padahal tidak kami duga. Maka mereka berkata, “Ini Ali,” lalu Rasulullah ﷺ memberikan ar-Rayah kepadanya, dan dengan itu Allah memberikan kemenangan kepadanya. Mengenai pembagian bendera oleh pemimpin brigade, hal itu dipahami dari hadis Al-Harits bin Al-Hassan Al-Bakri yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya dalam kedua riwayat, yang menyatakan bahwa ada panji-panji hitam: “...tiba-tiba ada panji-panji hitam,” yang berarti bahwa ada banyak ar-Rayah bersama pasukan, padahal amirnya hanya satu orang, yaitu ‘Amr bin Al-‘Ash, baik ketika ia kembali dari suatu ghazwah maupun ketika ia berangkat menuju ghazwah. Ini menunjukkan bahwa ar-Rayah tersebut berada bersama para pemimpin batalion, dan tidak ada dalil bahwa Rasulullah ﷺ yang memberikan ar-Rayah tersebut. Namun, boleh bagi Khalifah untuk mengizinkan amir-amir brigade memberikan panji kepada komandan-komandan batalion, dan hal ini lebih tepat untuk tertib pengorganisasian, meskipun hukumnya mubah (boleh).

The first flag that was tied in Islam was the flag of ‘Abdullah bin Jahsh. A black banner that had a white crescent was tied to Sa’d ibn Malik Al- Azdi. This indicates that there must be flags and banners for the army and the Khaleefah ties the flag or the banner to whomsoever He appoints over the army. With regards to the Rayah it is allowed for the Khaleefah to allocate it or it can be left to the commanders of brigades. Regarding the fact that it is allowed for the Khaleefah to distribute the flags, it is due to what Muslim and Al-Bukhari narrated from Salamah bin Akwa’a that the Prophet (pbuh) said; “‘I will give the Rayah to a man, or the one who will take the Rayah tomorrow is a man whom Allah and His Messenger love.’ Or He said, ‘He loves Allah and His Messenger... Allah will open up to him.’ All of a sudden, Ali (raw) was there, where we did not expect him. So they said, ‘This is Ali, so the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) gave Him the Rayah and thus Allah opened up to him.’” As regards to the leader of the brigade distributing the flags, it is understood from the Hadith of Al-Harith bin Al-Haassan Al-Bakri which came before in both narrations, which stated that there were black banners; “...suddenly there were black banners”, which means that there were many Rayaat with the army, though its Ameer was one person, who was ‘Amr ibnu Al-’Ass, whether He was coming back from a Ghazwa or going out to a Ghazwa. This indicates that these Rayaat were with the leaders of the battalions and there was no evidence that the Messenger (pbuh) was the one who gave them these Rayaat. However, it is allowed for the Khaleefah to allow the Ameer of the brigades to give the banners to the battalion commanders, and this is much more proper for organisation, although it is Mubah (allowed).