9.3.3 Institusi Pendidikan Umat Islam
9.3.3 The Muslims’ Educational Institutions
(1) Al-Katatib: Yang merupakan jamak bagi kuttab, iaitu tempat di mana pengajaran menulis dan mengira al-Qur'an dijalankan. Katatib-katatib ini wujud sepanjang pemerintahan Negara Islam di bandar-bandar dan kampung-kampung.
(1) Al-Katatib: Which is the plural of kuttab, is the place where the Qur’an writing and calculating are taught. These katatib were present throughout the reign of the Islamic State in the cities and villages.
(2) Masjid-masjid: Para ulama dan pakar hadith biasa mengadakan halaqah ilmu di masjid-masjid jami' yang agung, di mana mereka duduk untuk mengajar atau berdebat tentang masalah fiqh, tafsir, bahasa dan hadith; majlis-majlis ini biasanya dihadiri oleh murid-murid mereka.
(2) The Mosques: The scholars and the hadith experts used to hold study circles in the majestic central mosques, where they used to sit and teach or debate matters of fiqh, tafseer, language and hadith; these used to be attended by their pupils.
(3) Pusat-pusat Al-Qur'an: Orang pertama yang mendirikan pusat khusus untuk pengajaran Al-Qur'an ialah perawi Rasha ibn Nathif al-Dimashqi, dan itu berlaku di Damsyik pada tahun 400 Hijrah.
(3) The Qur’an centres: The first to establish a separate centre for the teaching of Qur’an was the receptor Rasha ibn Nathif al-Dimashqi, and that was in Damascus in the year 400 Hijri.
(4) Pusat-pusat Hadith: Orang pertama yang mendirikan pusat khusus untuk pengajaran hadith ialah al-Malik al-Adil Nureddine Mahmud al-Zanki, juga di Damsyik.
(4) The Hadith centres: The first to establish a centre specialising in the teaching of hadith was al-Malik al-Adil Nureddine Mahmud al- Zanki, in Damascus as well.
(5) Madrasah: Madrasah-madrasah ini didirikan pada abad kelima Hijrah di Damsyik; terdapat sebuah madrasah untuk setiap bidang ilmu, seperti madrasah kejuruteraan awam di Damsyik dan madrasah perubatan.
(5) The Schools: These were established in the fifth century of Hijrah in Damascus; there was a school for every subject such as the school of civil engineering in Damascus and the school of medicine.
(6) Universiti: Institusi-institusi ini ditubuhkan pada pertengahan kurun kelima Hijrah. Al-Hakam ibn Abdul Rahman menubuhkan universiti Cordoba, yang merupakan salah sebuah pusat pendidikan yang paling terkenal pada zaman itu. Universiti-universiti lain ditubuhkan di banyak tempat, seperti Universiti Mustansiriyya di Baghdad. Pelajar dari seluruh Eropah berusaha untuk diterima masuk ke institusi-institusi jenis ini.
(6) The Universities: These were established in the middle of the fifth century Hijri. Al-Hakam ibn Abdul Rahman established the university of Cordoba which was one of the most famous centres of education at the time. Other universities were established in many places such as the Mustansiryya university in Baghdad. Students from all over Europe sought admission to these types of institutions.
Universiti-universiti ini telah melahirkan ramai ulama yang memainkan peranan yang berpengaruh dalam apa yang telah dicapai dunia sains hari ini dari segi penciptaan, seperti Al-Khwarizmi, Ibn al-Haytham, Ibn Sina, Jabir ibn Hayyan, Al-Razi dan lain-lain.
These universities educated many scholars who played an influential part in what the world of science has reached today in terms of inventions, such as Al-Khwarizmi, Ibn al-Haytham, Ibn Sina, Jabir ibn Hayyan, Al-Razi and others.