Mali binafsi ni hukum wa Shari'ah unaoamuliwa na mali yenyewe au manufaa yatokanayo nayo. Hili linamstahilisha mmiliki wa mali kunufaika nayo au kupata badala yake.

Private property is Shari’ah rule determined by the property itself or the benefit from it. This qualifies the one that owns a property to benefit of it or gets an exchange for it.

Ushahidi wa makala hii ni dalili za Shari'ah zinazoonyesha kwamba maana ya umiliki binafsi ni idhini ya Mwekaji Sheria (swt) kwa matumizi ya mali yenyewe, ambayo inajumuisha idhini Yake (swt) kuhusu matumizi, na hilo linahitaji dalili kwa kila matumizi kwa kuwa ni tendo la mja, hivyo ni lazima kuwepo kwa kauli kutoka kwa Mwekaji Sheria (swt) kuhusu hilo. Vivyo hivyo, pia inajumuisha idhini Yake (swt) kuhusu iwapo mali yenyewe inaweza kutumiwa au la, jambo ambalo halihitaji dalili kwa kila kitu. Badala yake, msingi katika kila mali ni kwamba imeruhusiwa kumilikiwa kutokana na dalili ya jumla katika kauli Yake (swt):

The evidence of this article is the Shari’ah evidences which indicate that the definition of private ownership is the permission of the Legislator (swt) for the utilisation of the property itself, which encompasses His (swt) permission with respect to utilisation, which in turn requires an evidence for every utilisation since it is the action of the worshipper, and so it is imperative that there is an address from the Legislator (swt) regarding it. In the same way it also encompasses His (swt) permission with respect to whether the property itself can be utilised or not, which does not require an evidence for every item. Rather, the origin in every property is that it has been permitted to be owned due to the general evidence in His (swt) words:

“Naye Yeye amekutiishia kila kilichomo mbinguni na kila kilichomo ardhini - vyote vinatoka kwake.” (TMQ 45:13), na hivyo katazo la kumiliki mali fulani mahususi linahitaji dalili ya maandiko.

“And He has subjected to you whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth - all from Him.” (TMQ 45:13), and so the prohibition of owning a specific property requires a text.

Kwa hiyo, dalili za kuruhusu matumizi ziliruhusu umiliki wa mali, na dalili zilizoruhusu kila kitu kwa wanadamu zilimpa ruhusa ya jumla ya kumiliki chochote. Kwa hivyo imefahamika kutokana na mambo haya mawili kwamba ufafanuzi wa umiliki ni ruhusa ya Mwenye Kuweka Sheria (SWT) ya kutumia mali yenyewe. Hii ndiyo maana ya ufafanuzi uliotajwa katika makala hii.

Accordingly the evidences for the permission of utilisation permitted the possession of the property, and the evidences which permitted every thing for human beings gave him the general permission to own anything, and so it has been deduced from these two issues that the definition of ownership is the permission of the Legislator (swt) for the utilisation of the property itself. This is the meaning of the definition mentioned in this article.

Tuchukue mfano wa umiliki wa kipande cha mkate. Itasemwa kwamba kipande cha mkate ni mali, na imebainika kwamba hukumu ya Shari'ah kuhusu mkate huo ni kwamba Mwenye Kutunga Sheria (SWT) ameruhusu watu kuutumia, kwa kuula, kunufaika nao na kuubadilishana. Ruhusa hii ya kutumia inamaanisha kwamba mmiliki, ambaye ndiye ruhusa hiyo inamhusu, anawezeshwa kula kipande cha mkate, na vilevile anawezeshwa kukiuza. Kwa hiyo hukumu ya Shari'ah iliyobainika kuhusu mali, yaani kipande cha mkate, ni kwamba kuna ruhusa ya kukila na kukibadilishana.

If we take the example of the ownership of a loaf of bread, it would be said that the loaf of bread is the property, and it is determined that the Shari’ah rule regarding it is that the Legislator (swt) gave permission for people to utilise it, through consumption, benefiting from it and exchanging it. This permission for utilisation necessitates that the owner, who is the one whom the permission relates to, is enabled to eat the loaf of bread and similarly is enabled sell it. So the determined Shari’ah rule for the property, in other words, the loaf of bread, is that there is permission to consume and exchange it.

Ufafanuzi uliotajwa katika makala hii ulitegemea hili, na ufafanuzi huu unamaanisha idhini ya Mwenye kutunga sheria (Ash-Shaari') kwa ajili ya kutumia mali. Makala hii iliandaliwa kwa msingi huu.

The definition mentioned in this article was based upon this, and this definition means the permission of the Legislator for the utilisation of the property. The article was drafted upon this basis.