Kifungu 132 - Katiba ya Awali ya Dola ya Khilafah | Quran Course

Kifungu 132 - Katiba ya Awali ya Dola ya Khilafah | Quran Course

"Mimi ni wa tatu pamoja na washirika wawili." (ameripotiwa na Abu Dawud kutoka kwa Abu Hurayrah, naye akaithibitisha, na Al-Dhahabi akakubaliana nayo.) Na Yeye (swt) ameamuru kwamba mkataba uwe ni ijab na qabul. Kwa hiyo, ikiwa mkataba wa muamala wowote hautimizi masharti haya: wahusika wawili wa mkataba pamoja na ijab na qabul, basi mkataba huo ni batili na haujafungwa. Kitendo chochote kinachotokea katika muamala huu kinachukuliwa kuwa dhambi na kitendo cha haramu, kwa kuwa ni muamala ambao Shari'ah imeukataza. Mfano wa hilo ni kampuni za hisa, kwani zinafungwa kwa upande mmoja tu, na mtu yeyote anayetia sahihi tu masharti ya kampuni huwa mshirika, na vilevile kwa kununua hisa tu katika kampuni mtu huwa mshirika. Kwa mujibu wa wanaoamini ubepari, hili ni miongoni mwa vitendo vya uchaguzi wa mtu binafsi, kama wakfu au wasia katika Uislamu. Kwa hiyo katika kampuni ya hisa hakuna wahusika wawili wa mkataba, bali kuna upande mmoja tu, na hakuna ijab wala qabul, bali kuna qabul pekee. Katika Shari'ah, kampuni lazima iwe imejengwa juu ya mkataba wa ijab na qabul baina ya wahusika wawili wa mkataba, na mfano wake ni kuuza, kukodisha, ndoa na mikataba mingine yoyote inayofanana nayo. Kwa msingi huo, kampuni ya hisa haijafungwa kimkataba, hivyo ni batili na haramu, kwa kuwa inapingana na Shari'ah na inachukuliwa kuwa imekatazwa nayo. Kampuni ya hisa imepuuza amri ya Allah (swt) kuhusu masharti ya kufunga kampuni, na ni kitendo ambacho Allah (swt) amekikataza, kwa kuwa amewakataza watu kupingana na amri Zake (swt):

“I make a third with two partners.” (reported by Abu Dawud from Abu Hurayrah, and he authenticated it and Al- Dhahabi confirmed it). And He (swt) ordered the contract to be upon offer and acceptance. So if the contract in any transaction does not fulfil these conditions: two contracting parties along with offer and acceptance, the contract is invalid and not concluded. Any action which occurred in this transaction is considered as a sin and a Haram action, since it would be considered a transaction that the Shari’ah had forbidden. An example of that would be the share companies, since they are concluded from one side, and by someone simply signing to the conditions of the company they become a partner and also by simply buying shares in the company they become a partner. According to the capitalists this is from the actions of individual choice, like an endowment or bequest in Islam. So in the share company there are not two contracting parties but rather there is only one party, and there is no offer and acceptance - rather there is acceptance alone. In the Shari’ah the company must be based upon a contract of offer and acceptance between two contracting parties, and similar to it is selling, renting, marriage and any other comparable contracts. Accordingly, the share company is not contracted and so is invalid and Haram, since it contradicts the Shari’ah and is considered to be prohibited by it. The share company neglected the order of Allah (swt) with respect to the conditions of contracting a company, and is an action that Allah (swt) prohibited since He (swt) prohibited people from contradicting His (swt) orders:

Vivyo hivyo hivyo, bima yoyote ya maisha au bima ya bidhaa au mali ni Haram, kwa kuwa ni mkataba kati ya kampuni ya bima na mtu anayekatiwa bima, ambapo huyo wa mwisho anaiomba kampuni ya bima impe ahadi kwamba itamlipa fidia kwa kitu alichokipoteza au kwa thamani yake kwa upande wa bidhaa na mali, au kiasi fulani cha pesa kwa upande wa maisha na mengineyo kama bima ya kiungo cha mwili. Hili hutokea iwapo ajali iliyotajwa itatokea ndani ya muda uliowekwa, kwa malipo ya kiasi fulani cha pesa. Katika bima hakuna mtu anayedhaminiwa, wala kuungwa kwa dhima, kwa kuwa hakuna mtu aliyepo ambaye kampuni ilimdhamini na kuunganisha dhima yake naye. Pia katika bima hakuna wajibu wa kifedha wa muumini kwa mtu yeyote ambao kampuni ya bima ilimlazimisha nao, kwa kuwa muumini hakuwa na wajibu wa kifedha kwa yeyote, kisha kampuni ikaja ikamdhamini. Bima ni dhamana, na dhamana kwa mujibu wa Shari'ah ni kuunganisha dhima ya mdhamini na ile ya anayedhaminiwa ili kutekeleza wajibu, hivyo ni lazima kuwepo kuungwa kwa dhima, na ni lazima kuwepo mdhamini, mtu anayedhaminiwa, na jambo analodhaminiwa, na ni lazima iwe dhamana ya wajibu thabiti ambao mtu huyo anawajibika nao. Hizi ni sharti za kuanzishwa na kusihi kwa dhamana, na mradi mkataba wa bima hautimizi sharti hizi za Shari'ah basi ni batili kwa mujibu wa Shari'ah na ni Haram. Kwa hiyo, kukatia bima ni kutenda dhambi na kitendo cha Haram, na kwa hiyo ni muamala ambao Shari'ah imeuharamisha, kwa kuwa kila muamala batili ni Haram.

In a similar fashion, life insurance, or any insurance for goods or property is Haram, since it is a contract between the insurance company and the insuring person in which the latter asks the insurance company to give him a promise that it will compensate him for that object which he loses or for its price with regard to goods or property, or a certain sum of money with regard to life and the like such as insurance for a limb. This takes place if the accident which was specified occurs within a defined period in exchange for a certain amount of money. In insurance there is no person being guaranteed, nor a joining of liabilities, since there is no person present who the company guaranteed and joined their liability to. Also in insurance there is no financial obligation for the believer with anyone that the insurance company committed him to, since the believer did not have a financial obligation to anyone, and then the company came and guaranteed him. Insurance is a guarantee, and the guarantee according to the Shari’ah is the joining of the liability of the guarantor with that of the one being guaranteed to fulfil the obligation, and so it is imperative that there should be a joining of liabilities, and there must be a guarantor, someone being guaranteed, and the issue that he is being guaranteed for, and it is imperative that it is a guarantee for a confirmed obligation they are liable for. These are the conditions for contraction and validity in the guarantee, and as long as the insurance contract does not fulfil these Shari’ah conditions then it is invalid according to the Shari’ah and is Haram. Therefore, to take out insurance is committing a sin and a Haram action and consequently is a transaction that the Shari’ah prohibited because every invalid transaction is Haram.