Ibara ya 153

Dola inahakikisha kuwatengenezea kazi wote wanaobeba uraia wake.

The State guarantees to create work for all of those who carry its citizenship.

Dalili za makala hii ni kwamba ni sehemu ya ujumla wa maneno ya Nabii ﷺ:

The evidences for this article is that it is part of the generality of the words of the Prophet :

. » الإِمَامُ رَاعٍ وَهُوَ وَمَسْؤُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ «.

"Imamu ni mlinzi na yeye ana wajibu kwa raia wake" (imepokewa na Al-Bukhari kutoka kwa ‘Abd Allah (SWT) bin Umar), na miongoni mwa masuala muhimu zaidi ya kusimamia mambo ni kuwatafutia kazi wale wenye uwezo lakini wasiopata kazi yoyote. Kwamba matunzo ya maskini asiye na jamaa anayeweza kumtunza yanaangukia Dola ni kutokana na kauli yake:

“The Imam is a guardian and he is responsible for his subjects” (reported by Al-Bukhari from ‘Abd Allah (swt) b. Umar), and from the most important issues of managing the affairs is creating work for those who are capable but do not find any. The fact that maintenance of the poor person who has no relative capable of maintaining them is upon the State is due to his words:

.» مَنْ تَرَكَ مَالاً فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ، وَمَنْ تَرَكَ كَلاًّ فَإِلَيْنَا «.

“Mtu yeyote (akifa miongoni mwa Waislamu) akiacha mali, mali hiyo itawaendea warithi wake; na akiacha wategemezi (yatima), sisi ndio tutakaowatunza.” (Imekubaliwa kutoka kwa Abu Hurayrah). Na katika riwaya ya Abu Hurayrah:

“If somebody (dies among the Muslims) leaving some property, the property will go to his heirs; and if he leaves dependants (orphans), we will take care of them.” (agreed upon from Abu Hurayrah). And in the narration of Abu Hurayrah:

. وَمَنْ تَ رَكَ مَالاً فَ لْيَرِثْهُ عَ صَبَتُهُ مَنْ كَانُوا، وَمَنْ تَ رَكَ دَيْناً أَوْ ضَيَاعاً فَ لْيَأْتِنِي فَأَنَا « » مَوْلاَه .

“Ikiwa muumini ataacha mali, basi jamaa zake watairithi mali hiyo; lakini ikiwa ana deni au ameacha watoto maskini, basi (wadai na watoto) waje kwangu, kwani mimi ni mlezi wao (hakika)” (imekubaliwa, na maneno ni ya Al-Bukhari).

“If a believer leaves some property then his relatives will inherit that property; but if he is in debt or he leaves poor children, let those (creditors and children) come to me, for them I am his sponsor (surely)” (agreed upon, and the wording is from Al-Bukhari).

Dola inapaswa kuhakikisha kazi kwa wale ambao inawajibika kuwahudumia kwa riziki zao. Ibn Maja alipokea hadithi kutoka kwa Anas bin Malik aliyesema:

The State ought to secure jobs for those whom she is bound to spend on for their living. Ibn Maja reported from Anas Bin Malik who said:

. يَسْأَلُهُ فَقَالَ: لَكَ فِي بيَْتِكَ شَيْءٌ؟ قَالَ: أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنْ الأَنْصَارِ جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِِِّ « بلََى، حِلْسٌ نلَْبَسُ بعَْضَهُ وَنبَْسُطُ بعَْضَهُ وَقَدَحٌ نَشْرَبُ فِيهِ الْمَاءَ، قَالَ: ائْتِنِِ بِِِمَا، قَالَ: فَأَتَاهُ بِيَدِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَنْ يَشْتَرِي هَذَيْنِ؟ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَنَا آخُذُهَُُا بِِِمَا، فَأَخَذَهَُُا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ بِدِرْهَمٍ، قَالَ: مَنْ يَزِيدُ عَلَى دِرْهَمٍ مَرَّتَيِْ أَوْ ثَلاثًا، قَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَنَا آخُذُهَُُا بِدِرْهََُيِْ، فَأَعْ طَاهَُُا إِيَّاهُ وَأَخَذَ الدِّرْهََُيِْ فَأَعْطَاهَُُا الأَنْصَارِيَّ وَقَالَ: اشْتَرِ بِأَحَدِهَُِا طَعَامًا فَانْبِذْهُ إِلَى أَهْلِكَ، وَاشْتَرِ فَشَدَّ فِيهِ عُودًا بِيَدِهِ وَقَالَ: اذْهَبْ بِالآخَرِ قَدُومًا فَأْتِنِِ بِهِ، فَفَعَلَ، فَأَخَذَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَاحْتَطِبْ وَلا أَرَاكَ خََ سَةَ عَشَرَ يوَْمًا، فَجَعَلَ يَحْتَطِبُ وَيَبِيعُ، فَجَاءَ وَقَدْ أَصَابَ عَشْرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ، فَقَالَ اشْتَرِ بِبَعْضِهَا طَعَامًا وَبِبَعْضِهَا ثوَْباً، ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَذَا خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنْ أَنْ تََِيءَ وَالْمَسْأَلَةُ نُكْتَةٌ فِي وَجْهِكَ يوَْمَ الْقِ يَامَةِ، إِنَّ الْمَسْأَلَةَ لا تَصْلُحُ إِلا لِذِي فَقْرٍ مُدْقِعٍ أَوْ لِذِي غُرْمٍ مُفْظِعٍ أَوْ دَمٍ » مُوجِعٍ .

Mtu mmoja wa Ansar alimwendea Mtume ﷺ akaomba msaada. Akamuuliza: "Je, hauna chochote nyumbani kwako?" Akajibu: "Ndiyo, kuna kipande cha nguo, sehemu yake tunaivaa na sehemu yake tunaitandaza chini, na bakuli la mbao tunalokunywea maji." Akasema: "Nileteeni vitu hivyo." Akamletea, naye Mtume ﷺ akavichukua mikononi mwake akauliza: "Nani atanunua vitu hivi?" Mtu mmoja akasema: "Mimi nitavinunua kwa dirhamu moja." Akasema mara mbili au tatu: "Ni nani atatoa zaidi ya dirhamu moja?" Mtu mmoja akasema: "Mimi nitavinunua kwa dirhamu mbili." Akampa vitu hivyo, akapokea zile dirhamu mbili, akampa yule Ansari, akisema: "Nunua chakula kwa moja yake umpe familia yako, na nunua shoka ulilete kwangu." Akamletea. Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ akalitia mpini kwa mikono yake mwenyewe, kisha akasema: "Nenda ukakusanye kuni uziuze, wala nisikuone kwa muda wa siku kumi na tano." Yule mtu akaenda, akakusanya kuni akauza. Alipopata dirhamu kumi, alimwendea tena, akanunua kwa baadhi yake nguo, na kwa nyingine chakula. Kisha Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ akasema: "Hii ni bora kwako kuliko kuomba kukaja kuwa doa usoni mwako Siku ya Kiyama. Kuomba kunafaa kwa watu watatu tu: mwenye umaskini mkubwa, mwenye deni zito, au mwenye kulipa fidia na akaona ni vigumu kulipa." Al-Tirmidhi aliripoti toleo fupi zaidi ambalo alilizingatia kuwa Hasan, kutoka kwa Anas bin Malik:

“A man of the Ansar came to the Prophet and begged from him. He (the Prophet) asked: Have you nothing in your house? He replied: Yes, a piece of cloth, a part of which we wear and a part of which we spread (on the ground), and a wooden bowl from which we drink water. He said: Bring them to me. He then brought these articles to him and he (the Prophet) took them in his hands and asked: Who will buy these? A man said: I shall buy them for one Dirham. He said twice or thrice: Who will offer more than one Dirham? A man said: I shall buy them for two Dirhams. He gave these to him and took the two Dirhams and, giving them to the Ansari, he said: Buy food with one of them and hand it to your family, and buy an axe and bring it to me. He then brought it to him. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) fixed a handle on it with his own hands and said: Go, gather firewood and sell it, and do not let me see you for a fortnight. The man went away and gathered firewood and sold it. When he had earned ten Dirhams, he came to him and bought a garment with some of them and food with the others. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) then said: This is better for you than that begging should come as a spot on your face on the Day of Judgment. Begging is right only for three people: one who is in grinding poverty, one who is seriously in debt, or one who is responsible for compensation and finds it difficult to pay.” Al-Tirmidhi reported a shorter version that he considered Hasan from Anas Bin Malik:

. بَاعَ حِلْسًا وَقَدَحًا وَقَالَ: مَنْ يَشْتَرِي هَذَا الحِْلْسَ وَالْقَدَحَ؟ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ « مَنْ يَزِيدُ عَلَى دِرْهَمٍ؟ مَنْ يَزِيدُ عَلَى دِرْهَمٍ؟ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَخَذْتهُُمَا بِدِرْهَمٍ، فَقَالَ النَّ بِ » فَأَعْطَاهُ رَجُلٌ دِرْهََُيِْ ف بَاعَهُمَا مِنْه .

"Kwamba Mjumbe wa Allah (ﷺ) (saw) aliuza blanketi la tandiko la farasi na bakuli la kunywea. Akasema: "Ni nani atakayenunua blanketi la tandiko la farasi na bakuli la kunywea?" Basi mtu mmoja akasema: "Nitavichukua kwa dirhamu moja." Hivyo Nabii ﷺ akasema: "Ni nani atakayetoa zaidi ya dirhamu moja? Ni nani atakayetoa zaidi ya dirhamu moja?" Mtu mmoja akakubali kumpa dirhamu mbili, basi akamuuzia." Na imepokewa katika riwaya ya Ibn Maja kwamba Mjumbe ﷺ alisema:

“That the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) (saw) sold a saddle blanket and a drinking bowl. He (saw) said: "Who will buy saddle blanket and drinking bowl?". So a man said: "I will take them for a Dirham." So the Prophet (saw) said: "Who will give more than a Dirham? Who will give more that a Dirham?" A man agreed to give him two Dirham, so he sold them to him.” And it has been reported in the narration of Ibn Maja that the Messenger (pbuh) said:

. »؟ قَالَ: مَنْ يَزِيدُ عَلَى دِرْهَمٍ مَرَّتَيِْ «.

"Nani atalipa zaidi ya dirham mara mbili?" Na katika riwaya ya Al-Tirmidhi, Mtume ﷺ alisema:

“Who will pay more than a Dirham twice?” and in the narration of Al-Tirmidhi the Messenger (pbuh) said:

. »؟ مَنْ يَزِيدُ عَلَى دِرْهَمٍ؟ مَنْ يَزِيدُ عَلَى دِرْهَمٍ «.

"Nani atalipa zaidi ya Dirham? Nani atalipa zaidi ya Dirham?" Kwa maneno mengine, mauzo yalikamilishwa kupitia mnada. Kwa hiyo Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ, akishughulika na ajira moja kwa moja katika nafasi yake kama kiongozi wa Dola, inamaanisha kwamba Dola ina wajibu wa kutoa kazi kwa wale wasio na ajira.

“who will pay more than a Dirham? Who will pay more than a Dirham” or in other words, the sale was completed through the auction. So the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) dealing with employment directly in his capacity as the head of the State means that the State has to provide work for those unemployed.

Zaidi ya hayo, matunzo kutoka Bayt Al-Mal ni lazima kwa yule asiye na uwezo, kwa vitendo na kisheria. Yule asiye na uwezo kwa vitendo ni mtu ambaye hawezi kufanya kazi. Yule ambaye kisheria ana hukumu ya asiye na uwezo, lakini si asiye na uwezo kwa vitendo, ni mtu aliye na uwezo wa kufanya kazi lakini hawezi kuipata. Hivyo, anachukuliwa kuwa asiye na uwezo machoni pa sheria, na ni wajibu kumpa matunzo. Kwa hiyo, kutoa kazi kwa yule anayechukuliwa kuwa asiye na uwezo kwa mtazamo wa sheria ni sawa kabisa na kutoa matunzo kwa mtu asiye na uwezo kwa vitendo. Aidha, Shari'ah ilikataza kuomba, yaani kuomba msaada kwa watu, na ikaruhusu kuomba kutoka kwa mamlaka, yaani Dola; imepokewa kutoka kwa Abu Hurayrah aliyesema: "Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alisema:

Above that, the maintenance from the Bayt Al-Mal is due for the one who is incapable, both practically and legally. The one who is practically incapable is the person unable to work. The one who legally has the rule of the one who is incapable though is not practically incapable, is the person able to work but unable to find it, and so he is considered incapable in the eye of the law, and it is obligatory to give him maintenance. Therefore, providing work for the one who is considered incapable from the view of the law is exactly like providing maintenance for the practically incapable person. Additionally, the Shari’ah forbade asking, in other words, begging, and permitted it from the authority in other words, the State; it is reported from Abu Hurayrah who said: “The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said:

. » كَ د يَكُدُّ بِهَا الرَّجُلُ وَجْهَهُ إِلا أَنْ يَسْأَلَ الرَّجُلُ سُلْطَانًا أَوْ فِي أَمْرٍ لا بُدَّ مِنْه «.

“(Kuomba) ni kukatwa ambako mtu hujiletea usoni mwake; isipokuwa kumwomba mtawala, au chini ya shinikizo la hali ambayo hakuna njia ya kutoka.” Imepokewa na Al-Tirmidhi na Al-Nasa’i. Al-Tirmidhi amesema ni Hasan Sahih, na Ahmad amepokea kitu kama hicho ambacho Al-Zayn ameithibitisha kuwa sahihi, jambo linalothibitisha kwamba inaruhusiwa kumwomba mamlaka, yaani Serikali, na hii ina maana kwamba yeye ndiye mwenye jukumu la mtu huyo na matunzo yake, au kumtafutia kazi/ajira.

“(Begging) is a cut that a person inflicts upon his face; except for asking a ruler, or under the stress of circumstances from which there is no escape.” reported by Al-Tirmidhi and Al- Nasa’i, Al-Tirmidhi said it is Hasan Sahih, and Ahmad reported something similar which Al-Zayn authenticated, which is proof that it is permitted to ask the authority, in other words, the State, and this means that she is responsible for him and for his maintenance, or securing a job/work for him.