Ibara ya 32

Iwapo nafasi ya Ukhalifa itakuwa wazi kutokana na kifo cha kiongozi wake, kujiuzulu kwake au kuondolewa kwake, ni wajibu kumteua Khalifa ndani ya siku tatu kuanzia tarehe nafasi ya Ukhalifa ilipokuwa wazi.

If the position of the Khilafah becomes vacant due to the death of its leader, his resignation or his removal, it is obligatory to appoint a Khalifah within three days from the date that the position of the Khilafah became vacant.

Kuteua Khalifa inakuwa wajibu tangu wakati Khalifa aliyetangulia anapofariki au kuondolewa. Hata hivyo, inaruhusiwa uteuzi kufanyika ndani ya siku tatu pamoja na usiku zake, mradi tu ni kwa sababu ya kufanya juhudi za kulitimiza jambo hilo. Ikiwa itachukua zaidi ya usiku tatu na Khalifa bado hajateuliwa, basi suala hilo linazingatiwa: ikiwa Waislamu wanafanya juhudi za kuanzisha Khalifa lakini wameshindwa kufanikisha hilo ndani ya kipindi cha usiku tatu kutokana na mazingira makubwa ambayo hawawezi kuyashinda, basi dhambi inawaondokea, kwa kuwa wamo katika harakati za kutekeleza wajibu huo na wamelazimika kuchelewesha kuanzishwa kwake kutokana na chochote kilichowalazimisha. Imepokewa na Ibn Hibban na Ibn Maja kutoka kwa Ibn Abbas: Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alisema:

Appointing the Khalifah becomes obligatory from the moment that the previous Khalifah dies or is removed. However, it is permitted for the appointment to occur within three days with their nights as long as it is due to working to achieve it. If it takes longer than three nights and the Khalifah has still not been appointed, then the issue is considered – if the Muslims are working to establish it but are unable to achieve that during the three night time limit due to overwhelming circumstances that they are unable to overcome, then the sin is lifted from them since they are busy working to establish the obligation and are compelled to delay its establishment due to whatever forced them. It is reported from Ibn Hibban and Ibn Maja from Ibn Abbas: the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said:

. » إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَضَعَ عَنْ أُمَّتِي الْخَطَأَ وَالنِّسْيَانَ وَمَا اسْ تُكْرِهُوا عَلَيْهِ « .

"Hakika Allah amemsamehe Ummah yangu: makosa yao, usahaulifu wao, na yale ambayo wamelazimishwa kuyafanya." Kama wasingekuwa wamejishughulisha na mambo mazito namna hiyo, basi muda mrefu zaidi uliopewa kwa ajili ya jambo hilo ni siku tatu pamoja na usiku wake.

“Verily Allah has pardoned for my Ummah: their mistakes, their forgetfulness, and that which they have been forced to do”. If they were not made busy with such overwhelming issues, then the most time allowed for the appointment is three days with their nights.

Ushahidi wa makubaliano (Ijma') ya Maswahaba unaonyesha wajibu wa kufanya kazi mara moja ili kuanzisha Bay'a (kiapo cha utii) kwa Khalifah kwa sababu tu ya nafasi ya Ukhalifa kuwa tupu. Walikimbilia mara moja kukusanyika Saqifa Bani Sa'idah baada ya kifo cha Mtume ﷺ siku ile ile na kabla ya mazishi yake, na Bay'at Al-In'iqad (kiapo cha kuteuliwa) ilikamilika siku hiyo hiyo kwa Abu Bakr (ra). Siku iliyofuata, watu walikusanyika msikitini kutoa Bay'at Al-Ta'ah (kiapo cha utii).

The evidence for the obligation of immediately working to establish the pledge of allegiance (Bay’a) to the Khalifah due only to the vacation of the position of the Khilafah is the Ijma’ of the companions. They immediately hurried to gather at Saqifa Bani Sa‘idah after the death of the Messenger (pbuh) on the same day and before his burial, and the pledge of contracting (Bay'at Al- In‘iqad) was completed on the same day with Abu Bakr (ra), and the next day the people gathered in the mosque to give the pledge of obedience (Bay'at Al-ta‘ah).

Kuweka kikomo cha siku tatu kwa ajili ya kuteua Khalifah kunatokana na ukweli kwamba Umar (ra) alipoona wazi kwamba atakufa kutokana na jeraha lake la kuchomwa kisu, alikabidhi suala la kuteua mrithi wake kwa watu wa Shura, na akawawekea kikomo cha siku tatu. Kisha akaagiza kwamba iwapo Khalifah hatakuwa amekubaliwa ndani ya siku tatu, basi wale watakaopinga baada ya hizo siku tatu wauawe. Alimteua watu hamsini miongoni mwa Waislamu ili kutekeleza jambo hili, yaani kumuua mpinzani, ingawa walikuwa miongoni mwa Masahaba wakubwa. Yote haya yalishuhudiwa na kusikiwa na Masahaba, na hakuna hata mmoja wao aliyelikemea, ingawa kwa kawaida jambo lolote linalofanana na hilo lingestahili lawama. Kwa hiyo inachukuliwa kuwa ni Ijma' ya Masahaba kwamba haifai nafasi ya Khalifah kubaki wazi kwa zaidi ya siku tatu, na Ijma' ya Masahaba ni dalili ya Kiislamu kama ilivyo Qur'ani na Sunnah.

Limiting the time to establish the appointment of the Khalifah to three days is due to that when it became apparent that Umar (ra) was going to die from his stab wound, he delegated the issue of appointment of his successor to the people of Shura, and limited them to three days, and then commissioned that if the Khalifah was not agreed upon within the three days, those who differed after the three days should be killed. He appointed fifty men from the Muslims in order to execute this - in other words, to kill the dissenter, even though they were from the senior companions, and all of this was seen and heard by the companions and none of them rebuked it even though normally anything similar to it would have been reproachable, so it is considered an Ijma’ of the companions that it is not permitted for the position of Khalifah to be left vacant for more than three days, and the Ijma’ of the companions is an Islamic evidence in the same manner as the Quran and the Sunnah.

Al-Bukhari ameripoti kupitia kwa Al-Miswar bin Makhramah ambaye alisema:

Al-Bukhari reported through Al-Miswar Bin Makhramah who said:

. طَرَقَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بَ عْدَ هَجْعٍ مِنْ اللَّيْلِ، فَضَرَبَ الْبَابَ حَتَّى اسْ تَ يْ قَظْتُ، « » فَ قَالَ أَرَاكَ نَائِمًا، فَ وَاللَّهِ مَا اكْتَحَلْتُ هَذِهِ اللَّيْ لَةَ بِكَبِيرِ نَ وْمٍ .

"Abdur-Rahman alinitembelea baada ya sehemu ya usiku kupita, akagonga mlango wangu hadi nikaamka, akaniambia, "Naona umelala sana! Wallahi, katika usiku tatu zilizopita sijalala vya kutosha." Na Ibn Kathir ameyataja katika kitabu Al-Bidayah wa ’l-Nihayah.

“Abdur-Rahman called on me after a portion of the night had passed and knocked on my door till I got up, and he said to me, "I see you have been sleeping! By Allah, during the last three nights I have not slept enough”. And Ibn Kathir mentioned in the book Al-Bidayah wa ’l-Nihayah.

. )فلما كانت الليلة التي يسفر صباحها عن اليوم الرابع من موت عمر، جاء عبد الرحمن بن عوف إلى منزل ابن أخته المسور بن مخرمة فقال: أنائم يا مسور؟ - - والله لَم أغتمض بكثير نوم منذ ثلاث ...( .

Usiku ambao asubuhi yake ingekuwa siku ya nne baada ya kifo cha Umar, ‘Abd Al-Rahman Bin ‘Auf alikuja nyumbani kwa mpwa wake Al-Miswar Bin Makhramah akasema, “Umelala ee Miswar? Kwa Allah, sikupata usingizi mwingi kwa siku tatu zilizopita”, yaani usiku tatu zilizopita. Watu waliposwali Swalah ya Alfajiri, ahadi ya kiapo pamoja na ‘Uthman (ra) ilikamilika.

“When the night whose morning would have been the fourth day after the death of Umar, ‘Abd Al-Rahman Bin ‘Auf came to the house of his nephew Al-Miswar Bin Makhramah and said “You are sleeping O Miswar? By Allah I did not get much sleep for the last three” - in other words, the last three nights and when the people prayed the Morning Prayer the pledge with ‘Uthman (ra) was completed.