Qadhi wa Mahakama ya Madhalim anateuliwa ili kuondoa dhuluma zote zilizofanywa dhidi ya mtu yeyote anayeishi chini ya mamlaka ya Dola, bila kujali kama mtu huyo ni miongoni mwa raia wa Dola au la, na bila kujali kama dhuluma hiyo ilifanywa na Khalifah au yeyote aliye chini yake miongoni mwa watawala na watumishi wa umma.

The judge of the Court of Injustices (Madhalim) is appointed to remove all injustices which have been inflicted upon any person who lives under the authority of the State, irrespective of whether the person is from the subjects of the State or not, and irrespective of whether the injustice was committed by the Khalifah or anyone below him from the rulers and civil servants.

Makala hii ina ufafanuzi wa hakimu wa Mahakama ya Madhalim (Dhulma), na msingi wa Mahakama ya Madhalim ni kile kilichopokewa kutoka kwa Mtume ﷺ alipoeleza kila kitendo kinachofanywa na mtawala kinyume na haki wakati wa kuwatawala raia kuwa ni dhulma (Madhlamah). Anas alisimulia: Bei zilipanda wakati wa Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ, kwa hiyo wakamwambia:

This article has the definition of the judge of the Court of Injustices (Madhalim) and the basis for the Judiciary of Injustices (Madhalim) is what was narrated from the Prophet (phuh) when he described any act carried out by the ruler on other than the truth while ruling over the subjects as being an injustice (Madhlamah). Anas reported: Prices soared during the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) so they said to him:

. إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْخَالِقُ الْقَابِضُ الْبَاسِطُ الرَّازِقُ الْمُسَعِّرُ، وَإِنِّي لأَرْجُو أَنْ أَلْقَى « » اللَّه وَلا يَطْلُ بُنِي أَحَدٌ بِمَظْلِمَةٍ ظَلَمْ تُ هَا إِيَّاهُ فِي دَمٍ وَلا مَالٍ “.

. إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْخَالِقُ الْقَابِضُ الْبَاسِطُ الرَّازِقُ الْمُسَعِّرُ، وَإِنِّي لأَرْجُو أَنْ أَلْقَى « » اللَّه وَلا يَطْلُ بُنِي أَحَدٌ بِمَظْلِمَةٍ ظَلَمْ تُ هَا إِيَّاهُ فِي دَمٍ وَلا مَالٍ “.

"Ee Mjumbe wa Allah! Tuwekee bei!" Akasema: "Hakika Allah ndiye Muumba, Mzuiaji, Mpanuaji wa riziki, Mruzuku, na Mpangaji wa bei. Nina matumaini ya kukutana na Allah na hakuna mmoja wenu anayenidai kwa dhuluma niliyoifanya inayohusu damu au mali." (ameripotiwa na Ahmad). Kwa hiyo alichukulia kupanga bei kuwa ni dhuluma (Madhlamah), kwa sababu kama angefanya hivyo angekuwa amefanya jambo ambalo hakuwa na haki ya kulifanya. Vivyo hivyo, pia aliyachukulia masuala yanayoathiri haki za umma ambayo Dola hupanga kwa ajili ya watu kuwa ni sehemu ya madhalimu (Madhalim), kama vile umwagiliaji wa mashamba ya kilimo kwa maji ya pamoja kwa zamu. Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alichunguza mzozo wa umwagiliaji uliotokea kati ya Al-Zubayr Bin Al-'Awwam (ra) na mtu mmoja wa Ansar. Alishuhudia mwenyewe na akamwambia Al-Zubayr (ra):

‘O Messenger of Allah! Set prices for us! He said 'Truly, Allah is the Creator, the Restrainer, the Extender of wealth, the Provider, and the Pricer. And I am hopeful that I will meet Allah and none of you are seeking (recompense from) me for an injustice (I inflicted) involving blood or wealth.” (reported by Ahmad). So he considered price fixing as an injustice (Madhlamah), because if he had done it he would have done something that he had no right to do. In the same manner, he also made the issues that affect the public rights which the State organises for the people as part of the injustices (Madhalim), such as the irrigation of farming lands by common water by taking turns. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) looked into the dispute over irrigation that took place between Al-Zubayr Bin Al- ‘Awwam (ra) and a man of the Ansar. He witnessed it personally and said to Al-Zubayr (ra):

.» اسْقِ يَا زُبَ يْ رُ ثُمَّ أَرْسِلِ الْمَاءَ إِلَى جَارِكَ « .

.» اسْقِ يَا زُبَ يْ رُ ثُمَّ أَرْسِلِ الْمَاءَ إِلَى جَارِكَ « .

“Ee Zubayr! Mwagilie maji kisha uruhusu maji yapite kwa jirani yako” (imekubaliwa na maneno ni ya Muslim). Kwa hiyo, dhulma (Madhlama) yoyote inayotendeka dhidi ya mtu yeyote, iwe inafanywa na mtawala, au kwa sababu ya taasisi au amri za Dola, itachukuliwa kuwa dhulma (Madhlama), kama inavyoeleweka kutokana na simulizi hizo mbili. Jambo hilo litapelekwa kwa Khalifah ili aamue juu yake, au kwa yeyote anayemwakilisha Khalifah miongoni mwa majaji wa Mahakama ya Dhulma (Madhalim).

“O Zubayr! water and then let the water flow to your nieghbor” (agreed upon and the wording is from Muslim). Therefore, any injustice (Madhlama) that occurs against any person, whether perpetrated by the ruler, or as a result of the State’s organisations or orders, would be considered as an injustice (Madhlama), as understood from the two narrations. The matter would be referred to the Khalifah to rule upon it or whoever deputises for the Khalifah from the judges of the Court of Injustices (Madhalim).