Ardhi iliyokufa inamilikiwa kwa kuihuisha na kuizungushia uzio. Ardhi nyingine yoyote haimilikiwi isipokuwa kwa njia ya Kishari'ah kama vile urithi, ununuzi, na zawadi itolewayo na Dola.

Dead land is possessed through its revival and fencing. Any other type of land is not possessed except through a Shari’ah means such as inheritance, purchase, and donation by the State.

Ushahidi wa makala hii ni maneno ya Mtume ﷺ:

The evidence for the article are the words of the Prophet :

. » مَنْ أَحْيَا أَرْضًا مَيِّتَةً فَهِيَ لَه « .

. » مَنْ أَحْيَا أَرْضًا مَيِّتَةً فَهِيَ لَه « .

"Yeyote atakayehuisha ardhi iliyokufa, ni yake," imehadithiwa na Al-Bukhari kama maneno ya Umar (ra) yaliyosimamishwa kwake, na imepokewa kwa mnyororo wa wapokezi sahihi unaofika kwa Nabii ﷺ na Ahmad na Al-Tirmidhi kutoka kwa Jabir, na

“whoever revives dead land, it belongs to him” reported by Al-Bukhari Mawquf to Umar (ra), and it is narrated with an authentic chain connected to the Prophet by Ahmad and Al- Tirmidhi from Jabir, and:

.» مَنْ أَحَاطَ حَائِطًا عَلَى أَرْضٍ فَهِيَ لَه «.

.» مَنْ أَحَاطَ حَائِطًا عَلَى أَرْضٍ فَهِيَ لَه «.

"Yeyote atakayezunguka ardhi kwa ukuta, ardhi hiyo ni yake" imepokewa na Ahmad na Abu Dawud kwa mnyororo wa wapokezi ulioidhinishwa na Al-Jarwud na Al-Zayn, na kwamba:

“whoever surrounds a land with a wall, it belongs to him” reported by Ahmad and Abu Dawud with a chain authenticated by Al-Jarwud and Al-Zayn, and:

. » عَادِيُّ الأَرْضِ للهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ، ثُمَّ هِيَ لَكُمْ «.

. » عَادِيُّ الأَرْضِ للهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ، ثُمَّ هِيَ لَكُمْ «.

“Ardhi ya Aadiy ni ya Allah (SWT) na ya Mtume wake ﷺ, kisha ni yenu.” Imepokewa na Abu ‘Ubayd kwa isnadi ya Mursal sahihi, na Abu Yusuf ameitaja katika Al-Kharaj kutoka kwa Salam bin ‘Abd Allah (SWT) kwamba Umar bin Al-Khattab (RA) alisema juu ya mimbari:

“Aadiy land is for Allah (swt) and His Messenger (pbuh), and then for you” reported by Abu ‘Ubayd by an authentic Mursal narration, and Abu Yusuf mentioned in Al-Kharaj from Salam b. ‘Abd Allah (swt) that Umar b. Al-Khattab (ra) said on the pulpit:

. » من أحيا أرضا ميتة فهي له، وليس لمحتجر حق بعد ثلاث سنين «.

. » من أحيا أرضا ميتة فهي له، وليس لمحتجر حق بعد ثلاث سنين «.

“Yeyote atakayehuisha ardhi iliyokufa, ardhi hiyo ni yake, na yule anayeizungushia uzio hana haki juu yake baada ya miaka mitatu (ikiwa hailimi).” Maana ya hadithi hizi ni kwamba mtu akihuisha ardhi iliyokufa, au akiizungushia uzio, yaani kuweka mawe, uzio au ukuta kuizunguka, basi ardhi hiyo inakuwa milki yake. Kulingana na maana ya maandiko haya, kama ardhi hiyo haikuwa iliyokufa, basi mtu hawezi kuimiliki kwa kuihuisha wala kwa kuizungushia uzio, hata kama haikulimwa, au hata kama haifai kwa kilimo bila kufanyiwa kazi yoyote, na hata kama mmiliki wake hakujulikana. Kwa hiyo, kama ardhi haikuwa iliyokufa, haiwezi kumilikiwa isipokuwa kwa mojawapo ya sababu za umiliki, ikiwa mmiliki wake anajulikana; na ikiwa mmiliki wake hajulikani, haiwezi kumilikiwa isipokuwa Khalifa ameitoa, na hivyo inakuwa milki kwa njia ya kutolewa huku. Ikiwa ni ardhi iliyokufa, basi inamilikiwa either kwa kuihuisha au kwa kuweka mamlaka yake juu yake, hata kama hilo linatokea bila ya kuihuisha ardhi hiyo.

“whoever revives a dead land, it belongs to him, and the one who fences it off has no right to it after three years (if not cultivating it).” The text of these narrations indicate that if an individual revives a dead land or fences it, in other words, putting stones, fencing or a wall around it, then it becomes their possession. The understanding of the texts is that if the land was not dead then he could not take it into possession through revival or fencing, even if it was not cultivated, or not suitable for cultivation without any work being done to it, and even if the owner was not known. Therefore, if the land was not dead then it cannot be possessed except by one of the causes of possession if its owner was known, and if the owner was unknown it could not be possessed unless the Khalifah granted it, and so it becomes possessed through this grant. If it is dead land, then it is possessed either through its revival or by placing one’s authority over it even if that occurs without necessarily reviving the land.

Ardhi iliyokufa ni ardhi ambayo hakuna alama zozote juu yake zinazoonyesha kuwa ni mali ya mtu yeyote, hivyo hakuna ushahidi wa aina yoyote ya kuzungushiwa ukuta, kulimwa, kujengwa au kitu chochote kama hicho, wala hakuna mmiliki wala mtu anayeitumia. Hii ndiyo ardhi iliyokufa, na kitu kingine chochote hakichukuliwi kuwa ardhi iliyokufa hata kama hakukuwa na mmiliki wala mtu anayeitumia.

The dead land is the land where there are no signs upon it that it belongs to anyone, so there is no evidence of any kind of walling, agriculture, building or anything similar, and no owner or anyone utilising it. This is the dead land, and anything else is not considered dead land even if there was no owner or person utilising it.