Kifungu cha 141

Dola inaruhusiwa kulinda sehemu fulani za ardhi iliyokufa na sehemu yoyote ya mali ya umma kwa maslahi yoyote ya umma.

The State is allowed to protect some of the dead land and any part of public property for any public interest.

Ushahidi ni hadith ambayo Mtume ﷺ alisema:

The evidence is the report that the Prophet said:

.» لا حَِِى إِلاَّ للهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ « .

"Hakuna Hima (kuzuia malisho ya wanyama wa Zakat) isipokuwa kwa Allah (swt) na Mtume Wake (pbuh)," imepokewa na Al-Bukhari kutoka kwa Al-Sa'ab Bin Jathama. Na hifadhi (himaya) ni kulinda kitu ambacho kilikuwa cha Waislamu wote kwa ujumla, kisha kuwazuia watu wasikitumie, na kukichukua kwa ajili ya nafsi yake mwenyewe. Kwa hiyo Mtume ﷺ alikikataza jambo hilo, au kwa maneno mengine, alilikataza. Kwa hivyo, haifai kwa mtu yeyote kulifanya, ikiwa ni pamoja na Khalifah kwa ajili ya nafsi yake, kwa sababu hawezi kuruhusu alichokikataza Allah (swt). Kwa kuzingatia ufahamu huu, Dola haifai kumpa mtu umiliki wa chochote kilicho sehemu ya mali ya umma, jambo ambalo lingesababisha wengine kuzuiwa kunufaika nacho. Kwa upande wa Dola yenyewe, yaani Khalifah, inaruhusiwa kwake kuchukua kitu kutoka ardhi iliyokufa na mali ya umma kwa ajili ya maslahi ya Waislamu, si kwa maslahi yake binafsi, na dalili ya hili ni kile kilichopokewa kutoka kwa Ibn Umar aliyesema:

“There is no Hima (for grazing the animals of Zakah) except for Allah (swt) and His Messenger (pbuh).” reported by Al-Bukhari from Al-Sa’ab Bin Jathama, and the protection is to protect something that was for the general Muslims which then prevents the people from it, and to take it for themselves and so the Messenger (pbuh) prohibited that, or in other words, he forbade it. Therefore, it is not permitted for any person to do it including the Khalifah for himself, because he cannot permit what Allah (swt) forbade. From this understanding, it is prohibited for the State to give ownership to someone for anything that is part of public property, which would lead to the prevention of others benefiting from it. As for the State itself, in other words, the Khalifah, it is permitted for him to take something from the dead land and public property for the sake of the interests of the Muslims, and not his own, and the evidence for this is what was reported from Ibn Umar who said:

. » النَّقِيعَ لخَِيْلِ الْمُسْلِمِيَ حََِى النَّ بِ « .

"Mtume ﷺ aliweka Al-Naqi’ kuwa himaa (eneo lililolindwa) kwa ajili ya farasi wa Waislamu." (ameripotiwa na Ibn Hibban), na Al-Naqi’ ni mahali ambapo maji hutuama, na hivyo kuna mimea mingi kutokana na maji; kwa maneno mengine, ni mahali penye rutuba kwa malisho. Na imepokewa kutoka kwa Abu ‘Ubayd, kutoka kwa Amir bin ‘Abd Allah (SWT) bin Al-Zubayr, nami nadhani ni kutoka kwa baba yake, aliyesema:

“The Prophet protected (made it Hima) Al-Naqi’ for Muslims’ horses.” (reported by Ibn Hibban), and Al-Naqi’ is the place where the water settles and so there are a lot of plants due to the water; in other words, it is a fertile place for grazing. And it is reported from Abu ‘Ubayd from Amir b. ‘Abd Allah (swt) b. Al-Zubayr, I consider it to be from his father, who said:

. أَتَى أَعْرَابِِ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِيَ، بِلادُنَا قَاتَلْنَا عَ لَيْهَا فِي الجَّاهِلِيَّةِ، وَأَسْلَمْنَا « عَلَيْهَا فِي الإِسْلاَمِ، عَلامَ تََْمِيهَا؟ قَالَ: فَأَطْرَقَ عُمَرُ، وَجَعَلَ ينَْفُخُ وَيفَْتُلُ شَارِبَهُ، وَكَانَ إِذَا كرِبَهُ أَمْرٌ فَتَلَ شَارِبَهُ وَنفََخَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى الأَعْرَا بِ مَا بِهِ جَعَ لَ يرَُدِّدُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: الْمَالُ مَالُ اللهِ، وَالْعِبَادُ عِبَادُ اللهِ، واللهِ لَوْلاَ مَا أَحِِْلُ عَلَيْهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ مَا حََِيْتُ مِنَ الأَرْضِ شِبْْاً فِي » شِبٍْْ .

Mtu mmoja wa Kibedui alimwendea Umar akasema: Ee Amiri wa waumini, sisi tulipigana katika ardhi yetu wakati wa Jahiliyyah, na tukasilimu huku ardhi hiyo bado iko mikononi mwetu. Je, kwa nini wewe unailinda (kuifanya Hima)? Umar alinamisha kichwa chake, akapuliza na kukunja masharubu yake – alikuwa akifanya hivyo anapokuwa na huzuni – basi Mbedui alipoona alichokuwa akifanya, alirudia tena alichokisema. Ndipo Umar akasema: Mali ni mali ya Allah (swt), na watumwa ni watumwa wa Allah (swt); naapa kwa Allah (swt), kama nisingekuwa nimepewa jukumu hilo katika njia ya Allah (swt), je, nisingeilinda (kuifanya Hima) hata shibiri moja ya ardhi? Hadithi hii inadhihirisha wazi kwamba inaruhusiwa kwa Dola kulinda (kufanya Hima); yaani, inaruhusiwa kwa Dola kufanya jambo mahsusi kwa kile kilicho chini ya mali ya umma, kama malisho ya mifugo, ili kutimiza maslahi ya Waislamu. Masahaba baada ya Mtume ﷺ walikuwa wakifanya hivyo hivyo, na hivyo likawa jambo la kawaida kwa kila Khalifa.

“A Bedouin came to Omar and said: O Amir of the believers, we fought on our land in Jahiliyyah, and we became Muslims while it is still under our possession, – Why are you protecting it (make it Hima)? Umar bowed his head, blew and twisted his moustache – would do so when distressed – so when the Bedouin saw what he was doing, he repeated what he said again. Then Umar said: The property is Allah (swt)’s property, and the slaves are Allah (swt)’s; I swear by Allah (swt)- had I not been charged with that in the cause of Allah (swt), would I not have protected (made Hima) a hand-span of land”. The narration is explicit in the permissibility of the State protecting; in other words, it is permitted for the State to do something specific with what falls under public property such as the grazing pastures in order to fulfil the interests of the Muslims, and the companions after the Messenger (pbuh) used to do the same, and so it has become a normal practice for every Khalifah.