Kifungu cha 94
Article 94
Inaruhusiwa kwa yule aliyepewa wajibu maalum, kama msimamizi au mlezi, au wajibu wa jumla kama Khalifa, mtawala, mtumishi wa umma, Muhtasib, au hakimu wa Mahakama ya Madhalim (Mahakama ya Kuondoa Dhuluma), kumteua mtu kuchukua nafasi yake kama wakala, ndani ya mipaka ya mamlaka yake, katika mizozo na utetezi pekee, na hakuna tofauti kama alikuwa mlalamikaji au mshtakiwa.
It is permitted for the one who has been vested with a specific responsibility, like a custodian or guardian, or general responsibility such as the Khalifah, ruler, civil servant, Muhtasib, or judge of the Court of Injustice Acts (Madhalim), to appoint a person to his position as a proxy - within the bounds of his authority – in disputes and defence alone, and there is no difference whether they were the plaintiff or defendant.
Dalili yake ni dalili ya kutoa wakala (uwakilishi), kwa kuwa kama inavyoruhusiwa kwa mtu kumteua mwingine kumwakilisha katika jambo analolimiliki kama vile kununua, kuuza na migogoro, vivyo hivyo inaruhusiwa kumteua mtu mwingine kumwakilisha katika mambo anayoyatenda kwa niaba ya mtu mwingine. Basi wakala, iwapo amepewa haki ya kumteua mwingine katika jambo alilopewa wakala nalo, anaweza kumteua mtu kwa ajili yake mwenyewe katika lile analolisimamia kwa sababu ya kupewa wakala. Kwa hiyo mlezi anaweza kumteua mtu mwingine kumwakilisha katika mali ya yule anayemlea, na vivyo hivyo msimamizi wa Waqf ameruhusiwa kumteua yeyote atakaye katika mambo yote anayoyasimamia, kuanzia kukodisha Waqf na kadhalika. Sawa na hao ni mtawala, ambaye anaruhusiwa kumteua yeyote atakaye katika jambo lolote analolisimamia. Isipokuwa mtawala ni Khalifah, ambapo inaruhusiwa kwake kumteua yeyote atakaye kwa sababu ana mamlaka juu ya kila jambo, hivyo yuko kama yule anayemteua mwingine kwa niaba yake mwenyewe. Ama mtu yeyote mwingine zaidi ya Khalifah, miongoni mwa wawakilishi wake kama wasaidizi, magavana na wasimamizi wa idara, hawana uwezo wa kumteua mwakilishi kwa niaba yao katika yale ambayo wamepewa madaraka ya kuyasimamia, isipokuwa Khalifah amewapa haki hiyo. Hii ni kwa sababu wao ni wawakilishi wa Khalifah, hivyo wanafanana na manaibu, na naibu hana haki ya kumteua mwingine kutekeleza wajibu wake isipokuwa amepewa haki hiyo. Kwa hiyo, iwapo uwakilishi wake umempa mamlaka hayo, basi atakuwa na haki ya kuwakilisha, awe ni mlalamikaji au mshtakiwa, kwa kuwa haki ya kuwakilisha ni ya jumla na inajumuisha kila jambo analolitenda. Kulingana na hilo, kile kinachojulikana leo kama mwanasheria mkuu (wakili wa serikali), mwendesha mashtaka wa umma na mashtaka, au chochote kingine kinachofanana nacho, basi kwa mtazamo wa kanuni za uwakilishaji (wakala) kazi hiyo ni halali kulingana na Shari'ah, kwa kuwa Shari'ah imeruhusu aina hii ya uwakilishaji.
Its evidence is the evidence for the giving of proxy, since as it is valid for a person to deputise another person to act on their behalf in the issue they have control over such as buying, selling, and disputes, in the same manner it is valid to deputise another person to act on their behalf in the issues they are acting on, on behalf of someone else. So the proxy, if given the right to deputise in the issue that they were given the proxy in, can deputise someone for themselves in that which they have control over as a result of being given the proxy. Accordingly, the guardian can deputise someone else to act on their behalf with the wealth of the one they are guardian over, and in the same manner the custodian of the Waqf is permitted to deputise whomever they please in all the affairs that he has the power of control over from the leasing of the Waqf and so on. Similar to them is the ruler, who is permitted to deputise whomever he pleases in any of the issues he has control over. Unless the ruler is the Khalifah, in which case it is permitted for him to deputise whomever he pleases because he possesses control over every matter, and so he is like the one who deputises on his own behalf, whereas anyone other than the Khalifah, from those who are his delegates such as the assistants, governors, and department managers, do not have the power to deputise on their behalf in that which they have been deputised control over unless the Khalifah gave them the right to do so. This is because they are the delegates of the Khalifah, and so they are similar to the deputies, and the deputy has no right to deputise his duty unless he was given that right. So if his deputation gave him that power, then he would have the right of deputation irrespective of whether he was a plaintiff or defendant, since the right to deputise is general and encompasses every issue that he acts in. Based upon that, what is known today as the attorney general (lawyer of the government), and the public prosecutor and prosecution, or anything else similar, then from the angle of the rules of proxy the work is valid according to the Shari’ah, since the Shari’ah permitted this type of deputation.