Mwenyezi Mungu amewalingania An-Naas (watu/wanadamu) kwa Sharia yote ya Kiislamu; Aqaa'id (imani) na Ahkaam za kiutendaji zilizowekwa na sheria (Shar'iyah 'Amaliyah).

Allah addressed An-Naas (the people/mankind) with all of the Islamic Sharee’ah; the Aqaa’id (beliefs) and Shar’iyah ‘Amaliyah (practical legislated rulings).

Elimu ya Usul al-Fiqh haichunguzi, hata hivyo, Aqaa'id (imani/itikadi), bali inachunguza tu Ahkaam Ash-Shar'iyah Al-'Amaliyah kwa mtazamo wa misingi au nguzo ambazo zimejengwa juu yake. Wanachuoni wa Usul al-Fiqh wamefafanua Al-Hukm Ash-Shar'iy, wameeleza Aqsaam zake (aina/migawanyo yake) na wameeleza Masaadir zake (vyanzo vyake), ambavyo tulivitaja katika sehemu ya kwanza ya kitabu hiki.

The ‘Ilm of Usool ul-Fiqh does not however examine the Aqaa’id (beliefs) but rather only examines the Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah Al- ‘Amaliyah from the angle of the bases or foundations upon which they are built. The ‘Ulamaa of Usool ul-Fiqh have defined Al-Hukm Ash-Shar’iy, explained its Aqsaam (categories/divisions) and explained its Masaadir (sources) which we mentioned in the first part of this book.

Kwa lugha, neno Al-Hukm linamaanisha: Al-Man’u (المنع) (kuzuia/kudhibiti). Kwa hiyo husemwa Hakama Al-Hisaan (farasi), yaani alimzuia asiruke ghafla (yaani alimdhibiti kwa hatamu). Maana hii inapatikana katika maneno ya mshairi Jareer:

Linguistically Al-Hukm means: Al-Man’u (المنع) (to prevent/rein in) and so it is said Hakama Al-Hisaan (horse) i.e. he prevented it from launching off (i.e. he reined it in). This meaning is found in the speech of the poet Jareer:

Maana ya Al-Hukm Ash-Shar’iy kulingana na Istilahi ya Wanazuoni wa Usuli:

The meaning of Al-Hukm Ash-Shar’iy in accordance to the Istilaah of the Usooliyeen:

Khitaab (mwelekeo) wa Mtoa Sheria, yaani Al-Khitaab, unamaanisha maana zilizomo ndani ya Alfaadhi (maneno) na Taraakeeb (muundo/mpangilio wa maneno) ya matini za Kishariya kama Aayaat na Ahaadeeth. Kwa hiyo, Mujtahid mmoja anaweza kutoa Hukm kutoka kwenye Aayah ambayo ni tofauti na Hukm aliyoitoa Mujtahid mwingine. Katika hali hiyo, Hukm Ash-Shar'iy kuhusiana na kila mmoja wao itakuwa ile aliyoitoa kutoka kwenye matini kwa kuzingatia maana yake.

The address (Al-Khitaab) of the legislator refers to the meanings included within the Alfaazh (wordings) and Taraakeeb (constructs/compositions) of the Shar’iyah texts like the Aayaat and the Ahaadeeth. As such a Mujtahid could deduce a Hukm from an Aayah that differs from the Hukm deduced by another Mujtahid. In that case the Hukm Ash-Shar’iy in respect to each of them would be what he had deduced from the text in terms of meaning.

Na inasemwa kwamba Ash-Shaari' (Mtunga Sharia), na haisemwi Allah, ili kujumuisha khitabu cha Sunnah, Ijmaa' As-Sahaabah na Qiyaas, kwa sababu yote haya yanaonyesha khitabu cha Allah. Hili ni ili isidhaniwe au kufikiriwa kwamba kinachokusudiwa katika khitabu (Al-Khitaab) ni Qur'aan peke yake, kutokana na kwamba ndiyo inayowakilisha Kalaam ya Allah kwa lafdhi (maneno) na maana.

And it is said Ash-Shaari’ (Legislator) whilst it is not said Allah in order to include the address of the Sunnah, the Ijmaa’ As-Sahaabah and the Qiyaas because all of these indicate the address of Allah. It is so that it is not imagined or perceived that what is intended by the address (Al-Khitaab) only refers to the Qur’aan alone due to it representing the Kalaam of Allah in Lafzh (wording) and meaning.

Pia huitwa ‘Khitaab Ash-Shaari’’ (hotuba ya Mwenye Kuweka Sheria), kuonyesha kile ambacho usemi uliomo katika maandiko unatoa kama manufaa, yaani kuonyesha maana ya usemi huo. Hiyo ni kwa sababu zaidi ya maana moja inaweza kueleweka kutoka kwenye usemi uleule, na hivyo maana anayoielewa Mujtahid ndiyo Hukmu ya Allah kwa upande wake, na Hukmu ya Allah kwa yule anayemfuata (kwa kufanya Taqlid) yeye.

It is also called ‘Khitaab Ash-Shaari’’ (address of the Legislator) to indicate to what the speech in the texts provides in terms of benefit i.e. to indicate the meaning of the speech. That is because more than one meaning can be understood from the same speech and so the meaning that the Mujtahid understands is the Hukm of Allah in respect to him and the Hukm of Allah in respect to the one who makes Taqleed to him.

Inasemwa "Af'aal Al-'Ibaad" (vitendo vya waja) ili kuondoa Al-'Aqaa'id. Hii ni kwa sababu Hukm Ash-Shar'iy huchunguza hukumu za kivitendo za Kishari'ah na haichunguzi Al-'Aqaa'id (imani), ambazo huchunguzwa ndani ya 'Ilm ya Kalaam au 'Ilm ya Tawheed.