Sīghat An-Nahi (Mfumo wa Katazo)
Seeghat Un-nahi (the Forbiddance Form)
Nahi (katazo) lina umbo (sighah) katika lugha ya Kiarabu, nalo ni: لآ تَفْعَل au لا يَفْعَل, na maana yake ni kuacha au kutofanya kitendo kwa ‘Alaa Wajh -il-Isti’laa’ (kwa msingi kwamba kimetoka kwa mamlaka ya juu). Kuna Siyagh (namna za umbo) kulingana na mitindo ya usemi wa Kiarabu zinazothibitisha kuacha au kujizuia na kitendo hicho, na maana ya Nahi inaweza kuhitimishwa kutoka muundo wa sentensi. Inawezekana kufupisha namna za Nahi kama ifuatavyo:
The Nahi (forbiddance) has a Seeghah (form) in the Arabic language and it is: لآ تَفْعَل or لا يَفْعَل and it means to leave or not do the action ‘Alaa Wajh -il-Isti’laa’ (upon the basis that it has come from a higher authority). There are Siyagh (forms) in accordance to the styles of the Arabic speech that establish the leaving or refraining from the action and the meaning of the Nahi can be deduced from the composition of the sentences. It is possible to sum up the forms of the Nahi as follows:
1- Umbo لَا تَفْعَلْ au لَا يَفْعَلْ: Hili ni kama kauli ya Allah Ta’ala:
1- The form لآ تَفْعَلْ or لا يَفْعلَ This is like the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
Wala msiue nafsi (uhai wa binadamu) ambayo Allah ameiharamisha, isipokuwa kwa haki ya kisheria. (Al-An'aam 151)
And do not kill the soul (human life) which Allah has forbidden [to be killed] except by [legal] right (Al-An’aam 151).
2 – Lafdhi حَرَّمَ (Harrama) na mitokeo yake (Mushtaqaat). Hii ni kama kauli ya Allah (SWT):
2 – The Lafzh حَرَّمَ ( Harrama) and its derivations (Mushtaqaat). This is like the Qawl of Allah (swt):
Mmehalalishwa kwenu ni: mizoga, damu, nyama ya nguruwe, na kile kilichochinjwa kwa jina la asiye Allah.
Prohibited to you are dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allah (Al-Maa’idah 3).
3 – Lafudhi ' نَهَئ' (kukataza) na Mushtaqaat zake (maneno yanayotokana nalo). Hii ni kama katika Kauli Yake (SWT):
3 – The Lafzh ' نَهَئ' (to forbid) and its Mushtaqaat (derivations). This is like in His Qawl (swt):
Na anakataza uchafu, na maovu, na dhuluma (An-Nahl 90).
And forbids immorality and bad conduct and oppression (An-Nahl 90).
4 – Maneno ya Tahadhari (maneno ya kuonya) kama: ‘إياك’ Hii ni kama katika Hadithi ya Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ:
4 – Alfaazh At-Tahdheer (worded expressions of warning) like: ‘إياك‘ This is like in the Hadeeth of the Messenger of Allah (saw):
Jihadharini na kugeuka wakati wa Swalah
Beware of turning in the Salaah
5 – Lafdhi (neno) ‘لا يَحِلَّ’ (Si halali).
5 – The Lafzh (wording) ‘لا يَحِلَّ ‘It is not Halaal).
Hii ni kama kauli yake ﷺ:
This is like his statement (saw):
Si halali kuwauza Al-Mughanniyaat (waimbaji wanawake), wala kuwanunua, wala kufanya biashara nao, na kula bei yao ni haramu (Ibn Maajah katika Sunan yake, katika Kitabu cha Tijaaraat).
It is not Halaal to sell Al-Mughanniyaat (female singers), or purchase them, or trade in them, and the consumption of their price is Haraam (Ibn Maajah in his Sunan in the Book of Tijaaraat).
Ingawa aina zote zilizotajwa hapo juu zimeanzisha Nahi (katazo), hata kama nyingi zake hazikuwekwa na lugha kwa ajili ya kuonyesha Nahi. Nahi iliyomo ndani yake inathibitishwa kwa muundo na mpangilio wa sentensi, pamoja na yale yanayoonyesha maana ya katazo. Hii ni kwa sababu umbo pekee lililowekwa na kutolewa na lugha ya Kiarabu kwa ajili ya Nahi ni lile la kitenzi cha Mudaari’ (kitenzi cha wakati wa sasa na ujao) kinachounganishwa na ‘Laa An-Naahiyah’ (لا) (‘Laa’ ya katazo).
All of the above forms establish the Nahi (forbiddance) and even if most of them have not been provided in origin by the language to indicate the Nahi. The Nahi in them is established by the linguistic formation and composition of the sentence and what they indicate in terms of the meaning of the Nahi. That is because the only form that has been set and provided by the Arabic language for the Nahi is that of the Mudaari’ (present verb) form that is connected to the ‘Laa An-Naahiyah’ (لا) (the ‘Laa’ of forbidding).