Al-Kalaam (usemi) ni herufi zinazotoa sauti kutoka sehemu ya ndani kabisa ya koo hadi mwisho wa mdomo na midomo. Herufi (Huroof) ni 28, na kutokana na herufi hizi Waarabu walitunga au kuunda usemi (Kalaam) wenye maana. Unaweza kuwa na herufi moja (harf), kama Harf Al-Jarr 'Al-Baa'u'; kutoka herufi mbili, kama 'Min' na 'Kam'; kutoka herufi tatu, kama 'Rajul' na 'Ilm'; kutoka herufi nne (Huroof), kama 'Samaa'un' na 'Dahraja'; na kutoka herufi tano, kama 'Julmood' na 'Isbakara'. Hawakuweka wala kuleta neno la asili lenye zaidi ya herufi tano, na maneno yangeongezeka tu kwa kuongeza herufi moja au mbili au tatu juu ya herufi asili za neno (ili kupata maana za ziada). Waliweka herufi hizi za ziada zikomee kumi, ambazo zote zinapatikana ndani ya neno (Sa'altumoonihaa) (maana yake: Mliniuliza hilo). Kwa mfano, neno 'ا سْتِصْحا ب' linatokana na mzizi 'صحب', na herufi zilizobaki ni nyongeza na si sehemu ya mzizi wake au asili yake. Kuhusu neno 'افُتِتَاح', linatokana na neno 'فُتَحَ', na herufi zilizobaki ni za ziada.

Al-Kalaam (speech) is letters that have sounds coming out from the furthest part of the throat to the end of the mouth and the lips. There are 28 letters (Huroof) and from these letters the Arabs constructed or composed speech (Kalaam) that contains meaning. It can consist of a letter (harf) like the Harf Al-Jarr ‘Al-Baa’u’ from two letters like ‘Min’ (and ‘Kam’ from three letters like ‘Rajul‘and ‘Ilm’ from four Huroof (letters) like ‘ Samaa’un’ and ‘Dahraja’ and from five letters like ‘Julmood‘ and ‘Isbakara' They did not set or provide an original word that was above 5 letters and words would only increase through adding a letter or two or three upon the original letters of the words (to provide extra meanings). They made these additional letters restricted to ten which are all found within the word ’ (Sa’altumoonihaa) (meaning: You (pl.) asked me it). So for example the word 'ا سْتِصْحا ب ‘ is from the origin of ‘صحب ‘whilst the rest of the letters are an addition to that and not from its root or origin. In respect to the word: ‘افُتِتَاح ‘it is taken from the word ‘ فُتَحَ' whilst the rest of the letters are additional.

1 – Al-Mufrad: Ni kile kinachoundwa na kinachojumuisha neno moja (kalimah) moja.

1 – Al-Mufrad: It is made up of and consists of one Kalimah (word).

Hii imegawanywa katika: Harf (kihusishi), Fi'il (kitenzi) na Ism (nomino).

This is divided into: The Harf (preposition), the F’il (verb) and the Ism (noun).

2 – Al-Murakkab: Ni kile kinachoundwa au kinachojumuisha maneno mawili au zaidi.

2 – The Murakkab: It is what is made up of or consists of two words or more.

Hii imegawanywa katika aina kadhaa:

This is divided into a number of types:

A – Al-Murakkab Al-Isnaadiy (Mchanganyiko wa Kinasibu): Hii inahusu kunasibisha jambo au kitu kwa jambo au kitu kingine, kama kunasibisha 'Urefu' (kipimo cha urefu) kwa 'Al-Qalam' (kalamu) unaposema: Qalam Taweel (Kalamu ndefu).

A – Al-Murakkab Al-Isnaadiy (Attributing composition): This refers to attributing a matter or thing to another matter or thing like attributing ‘Tool’ (length) to ‘Al-Qalam’ (pen) when you say: Qalam Taweel (A long pen).

Murakkab Al-Isnaadiy ina aina mbili: Khabar na Inshaa’.

The Murakkab Al-Isnaadiy is of two types: Khabar and Inshaa’.

"Khabar" ni hukumu inayotolewa juu ya kitu au jambo lenye maana fulani miongoni mwa maana. Hii ni kama ilivyo katika "Jumlah Al-Fi'liyah" (sentensi ya kitenzi), kwa mfano ukisema: "Jaa'a Sa'eed" (Sa'eed amekuja). Katika mfano huu, kuja kumehusishwa na Sa'eed, na habari ilitolewa (yaani Khabar (habari) ilitolewa) ndani ya sentensi "Jaa'a Sa'eed".

The ‘Khabar’ is the Hukm (judgement) upon a thing or matter with a (particular) meaning from amongst the meanings. This is like what happens in the ‘Jumlah Al-Fi’liyah’ (Verbal sentence) like if you said: ‘Jaa’a Sa’eed’ (Sa’eed came). In this example the coming has been attributed to Sa’eed and it was informed about (i.e. Khabar (news) was provided) within the sentence ‘Jaa’a Sa’eed’.

Hii pia ni sawa na inavyotokea kuhusu Jumla Al-Ismiyah (sentensi inayoanza kwa nomino), kama katika kauli: ‘Sa’eed Mujtahid’ (Sa’eed ni mwenye bidii). Hapa bidii (Ijtihaad) inahusishwa na Sa’eed katika sentensi: ‘Sa’eed Mujtahid’.

It is also like what occurs in respect to the Jumlah Al-Ismiyah (Sentence beginning with a noun) like in the statement: ‘Sa’eed Mujtahid’ (Sa’eed is hardworking). Here the Ijtihaad (hard work/diligence) is attributed to Sa’eed in the sentence: ‘Sa’eed Mijtahid’.