Kupitia uchunguzi wa maandiko ya Kishari'a yanayoongoza kwenye Ahkaam, wanazuoni wa Usuli walibaini kwamba Hukm Ash-Shar'iy At-Takleefiy ni Khitaab Ash-Shaar'i (kauli ya Mwenye Kutunga Sheria) inayohusiana na Af'aal (matendo) ya 'Ibaad (waja/watu) kwa namna ya Iqtidaa' au Takhyeer, yaani kwa namna ya ombi (At-Talab) au kwa namna ya kutoa hiari. Khitaab hii inajumuisha aina tano za Ahkaam, nazo ni hizi:

Through an examination of the Shar’iyah texts guiding to the Ahkaam, the scholars of Usool found that the Hukm Ash-Shar’iy At-Takleefiy is the Khitaab Ash-Shaar’i (address of the Legislator) related to the Af’aal (actions) of the ‘Ibaad (servants/people) in the form of Iqtidaa’ or Takhyeer i.e. in the form of a request (At-Talab) or the form of providing a choice. This address consists of five types of Ahkaam and they are:

Al-Fard (Al-Waajib), Al-Mandoob, Al-Mubaah, Al-Haraam na Al-Makrooh.

Al-Fard (Al-Waajib), Al-Mandoob, Al-Mubaah, Al-Haraam and Al-Makrooh.

Kila aina ya hizi ina maumbo ya kiisimu na ya Kishari'ah yanayoashiria, na inawezekana kugawanya maumbo haya katika aina au makundi matatu:

Each of these types has linguistic and Shar’iy forms that indicate them and it is possible to divide these forms into three types or categories:

Aina za maneno zinazoashiria Mubaah (kitendo cha hiari kinachoruhusiwa).

The forms that are indicative of the Mubaah (permissible action of choice).

Aina za kitenzi zinazoonyesha Amr (amri).

The forms that are indicative of the Amr (command).

Aina za maneno zinazoashiria Nahi (katazo).

The forms which are indicative of the Nahi (forbiddance).

Mubaah ni kile ambacho Shaari' ametoa uchaguzi kati ya kufanya kitendo hicho au kukiacha. Dalili zinazoonyesha hili ni zifuatazo:

The Mubaah is that which the Shaari’ has provided the choice between doing the action or leaving it. Forms indicative of this include the following:

1 – Ibaahah (uhalali) inaweza kufahamika kutokana na umbo la amri, kama katika Qawl Yake (swt):

1 – The Ibaahah (permissibility) can be understood from the command form like in His Qawl (swt):

2 – Ibaahah (ruhusa, yaani kuruhusiwa) inaweza kupatikana ndani ya umbo la neno, yaani aina mbalimbali za neno Halaal. Hii ni kama kauli ya Allah Ta'aalaa:

2 – The Ibaahah (permissibility) can be found within the form: i.e. forms of the word Halaal). This is like the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:

3 – Miongoni mwa aina (Siyagh) za Ibaahah (kuruhusiwa) ni maandishi yanayokanusha dhambi kwa mtu anayefanya kitendo hicho, au Al-Haraj (ugumu/tatizo) au Al-Junaah (lawama). Mfano wake ni Qawl ya Allah Ta’Aalaa:

3 – From among the forms (Siyagh) of the Ibaahah (permissibility) is the text negating the sin from the one undertaking the action, or Al-Haraj (difficulty/problem) or Al-Junaah (blame). This is like the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:

4 – Kwamba maandishi yanaonyesha usawa kati ya kufanya kitendo na kukiacha. Mfano wa hili ni yale aliyoyanukuu At-Tabaraani katika Al-Awsat, kwamba jeneza lilipita mbele ya Ibn ‘Abbaas na Al-Hasan Bin ‘Ali, kisha mmoja wao alisimama na mwingine akabaki amekaa. Aliyesimama alimwambia aliyekaa: “Je, Mtume wa Allah ﷺ hakusimama?” Naye akajibu: “Ndiyo, na pia alikaa.” Hivyo inafahamika kutokana na Hadith kwamba kusimama na kukaa jeneza linapopita vyote viwili ni Mubaah.

4 – That the text comes indicating equalness between undertaking the action and leaving it. An example of this is what was extracted by At-Tabaraani in Al-Awsat that a Janaazah (funeral procession) passed by Ibn ‘Abbaas and Al-Hasan Bin ‘Ali and then one of them stood up and the other remained sitting. The one standing said to the one sitting: “Did the Messenger of Allah (saw) not stand up”. So he replied: “Indeed and he sat”. And so it is understood from the Hadeeth that the standing and the sitting when the Janaazah passes by are (both) Mubaah.