Aina za Sabab

Aina za Sabab - Al-Waadih Fee Usool ul-Fiqh | Quran Course

1 – Al-'Illah inawakilisha al-Baa'ith (kichocheo/sababu) ya Hukm, yaani ndiyo sababu au lengo ambalo kwa ajili yake Hukm ilitokea. Hii ni kama al-Ilhaa' (kukengeushwa) kutoka katika Swala ya Ijumaa, ambayo ndiyo 'Illah ya Tahreem (kukatazwa) kwa biashara wakati wake.

1 – The ‘Illah represents the Baa’ith (motivator/reason) for the Hukm i.e. it is that for the purpose or reason of which the Hukm came about. This is like the ‘Ilhaa’ (distraction) from the Jumu’ah prayer which is the ‘Illah for the Tahreem (prohibition) of trading at its time.

Hivyo ni kwamba sababu ni alama au kiashiria (Amaarah) cha kuwepo kwa hukmu. Kwa hiyo, kupita kwa jua (Zawaal) kutoka katikati ya anga ni sababu (cause) ya kuwepo kwa sala ya Dhuhr. Haikuwa kwa ajili ya au kwa lengo la Zawaal (kupita kwa jua) ndipo hukmu ilipokuja kuwepo.

That is whilst the Sabab is a sign or indicator (Amaarah) for the presence of the Hukm. Therefore, the passing of the sun (Zawaal) from the middle of the sky is the Sabab (cause) for the presence of the Zhohr prayer. It wasn’t for the sake or purpose of Zawaal (passing of the sun) that the Hukm came into being.

2 – Ikiwa 'Illah (sababu ya hukumu) hiyo hiyo inapatikana katika mambo mawili, ambapo hukumu ya mojawapo imetajwa au imepatikana katika matini za dini, na ya pili haina hukumu iliyotajwa kwa ajili yake, basi hufanywa Qiyaas kwa jambo la pili juu ya la kwanza, na hupewa hukumu ile ile. Kwa mfano, biashara ina kitu cha kuvuruga kutoka kwenye Sala ya Ijumaa wakati wa adhana yake, hivyo hufanywa Qiyaas juu yake kwa kuogelea au jambo lolote jingine linalomvuruga au kumgeuza mtu kutoka kwenye Swala. Mambo haya basi huchukua hukumu ya biashara wakati wa Swala, nayo ni Tahriim (katazo). Hii ni kwa sababu kuwepo kwa Sabab hakuamrishi Qiyaas. Kwa hivyo kutoka kwa jua kuvuka katikati ya anga ni Sabab ya kuwepo kwa Swala ya Adhuhuri. Kisha, ikiwa jambo jingine litatokea wakati wa Swala ya Adhuhuri, kama biashara kwa mfano, biashara hiyo haitachukua hukumu ya wajibu wa Swala ya Adhuhuri. Hiyo ni kwa sababu Sabab si kichocheo wala sababu ya kufanywa Qiyaas juu yake, tofauti na 'Illah.

2 – If the same ‘Illah (reasoning) is found within two matters where the Hukm for one of them is mentioned or found in the texts whilst the other does not have a Hukm mentioned for it, then analogy is made for the second matter upon the first and then provided with the same Hukm (ruling). So for example, trading contains distraction from the Jumu’ah prayer at the time of its call and so analogy is made upon it to swimming or any other matter that distracts or diverts somebody from the Salaah. These matters then take the Hukm of trading at the time of prayer which is Tahreem (prohibition). This is whilst the existence of the Sabab does not dictate Qiyaas (analogy). So the Zawaal of the sun from the middle of the sky is the Sabab for the presence of the Zhohr prayer. Then if another matter takes place at the time of Salaat Uzh-Zhohr like trading for example, the trading would not take the Hukm of the obligation of the Zhohr prayer. That is because the Sabab is not an incentive or reason for Qiyaas (analogy) to then be made upon unlike the ‘Illah.

Aina za Sabab

Tofauti kati ya 'Illah na Sabab