1 – Ijmaa' haikusanywi isipokuwa juu ya msingi unaoaminika (Mustanad) ambao watu wa Ijmaa' wanautegemea. Huu ndio mtazamo wa wengi wa Fuqahaa' na 'Ulamaa wa Usool ul-Fiqh. Hiyo ni kwa sababu watu wa Ijmaa' hawaleti Ahkaam mpya bila Daleel, na hilo ni kwa sababu haki ya kutunga sheria ni ya Allah Ta'Aalaa na Nabii ﷺ ambaye Allah Ta'Aalaa alimteremshia wahyu.

1 – The Ijmaa’ is not convened except upon a relied upon basis (Mustanad) that the people of Ijmaa’ rely upon. This is the view of most of the Fuqahaa’ and the ‘Ulamaa of Usool ul-Fiqh. That is because the people of Ijmaa’ do not come up with new Ahkaam without a Daleel and that is due to the right of bringing legislation belongs to Allah Ta’Aalaa and the Nabi (saw) whom Allah Ta’Aalaa revealed divine inspiration to.

Wanazuoni wamekubaliana juu ya kuruhusiwa kwa Ijmaa' kuwa na msingi wa kutegemewa (Mustanad) ambao ni Kitabu na Sunnah. Ifuatayo ni baadhi ya mifano waliyoitoa kuonyesha uhusiano wa Ijmaa' nayo:

The ‘Ulamaa have agreed upon the permissibility for the rested upon basis (Mustanad) for the Ijmaa’ to be the Kitaab and the Sunnah. The following are some examples that they brought to show the linkage to the Ijmaa’:

Allah Ta'ala amesema:

Allah Ta’Aalaa said:

Ijmaa’ ilifanyika kuhusu maana iliyokusudiwa ya “mama” kuwa ni mizizi au asili ya wanawake, kama vile bibi na bibi wa bibi, na kwamba maana iliyokusudiwa ya “binti” ni matawi ya wanawake, kama vile binti, wajukuu wa kike kutoka kwa binti na kwa wana, pamoja na binti zao.

An Ijmaa’ was convened in respect to the intended meaning of ‘mothers’ is the roots or origins of women like grandmothers and great grandmothers and that the intended meaning of daughters are the branches of the women like daughters, granddaughters from daughters and sons and their daughters.

Ijmaa' yao (makubaliano) kuhusu kumpa bibi (nyanya) sehemu ya sita ya urithi ni kwa sababu Mtume ﷺ alimpa bibi sehemu ya sita.

Their Ijmaa’ (consensus) in respect to giving the grandmother a sixth from the inheritance because the Messenger (saw) gave the grandmother a sixth.

Wametofautiana kuhusu msingi unaotegemewa (Mustanad).

* They have differed in respect to the rested upon basis (Mustanad)

Kuhusu kwamba Ijmaa' ni Qiyaas (kulinganisha), kuna mitazamo kadhaa:

of the Ijmaa’ being a Qiyaas (analogy) into a number of views:

A – Kukatazwa kwa Qiyaas kutumiwa kama msingi wa Ijmaa’ kwa sababu aina (nyuso) za Qiyaas ni tofauti.

A – Forbiddance of Qiyaas being used as a basis for Ijmaa’ because the faces (types) of Qiyaas are different.

B – Kwamba aina zote za Qiyaas zinaruhusiwa kuwa msingi wa Ijmaa’ kwa kuwa inawakilisha Hujjah Shar’iyah inayotegemea maandiko.

B – That all types of Qiyaas are permitted to be a basis for Ijmaa’ because it represents a Hujjah Shar’iyah that depends upon the texts.

C – Maoni kwamba inaruhusiwa kwa Qiyaas kuwa msingi unaotegemewa kwa Ijmaa' ikiwa Qiyaas imejengwa juu ya 'Illah ya kimaandiko, au ikiwa 'Illah ilikuwa wazi. Ikiwa haikujengwa juu ya 'Illah ya kimaandiko (sababu) na haikuwa wazi, basi hairuhusiwi kwa Qiyaas kuwa msingi unaotegemewa kwa Ijmaa'. Mifano iliyotolewa kuonyesha kwamba Qiyaas imewahi kuwa msingi unaotegemewa kwa Ijmaa' ni pamoja na Ijmaa' ya Maswahaba juu ya Ukhalifa wa Abu Bakr (ra), iliyotegemea kulinganisha kwao na uongozi wake wa Swalaah, hadi ikasemwa: "Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alimridhia katika jambo la Dini yetu, basi je, sisi hatutamridhia katika mambo ya Dunia yetu?"

C – The opinion that it is permissible for Qiyaas to be a rested upon basis for Ijmaa’ if the Qiyaas is based on a textual ‘Illah or if the ‘Illah was clear. If it was not based on a textual ‘Illah (reason) and was not clear, then it is not permissible for Qiyaas to be a rested upon basis for the Ijmaa’. Examples that have been provided to show that Qiyaas had been a relied upon basis for Ijmaa’ include the Ijmaa’ AsSahaabah upon the Khilafah of Abu Bakr (ra) based on analogy of his Imaamah (leading) of the Salaah to the point that it was said: “The Messenger of Allah was content with him in respect to the matter of our Deen so should we not be content with him in the matters of our Dunyaa?”.

2 – Baadhi ya watu waliruhusu kufanyika kwa Ijmaa' isiyo na msingi uliotegemewa (Mustanad), yaani bila Daleel ya Shar'i. Walisema kwamba inawezekana na ni jambo lenye mantiki kwamba Allah awavuvie Mujtahidina kukutana pamoja juu ya lililo sahihi, na awape Tawfiq ya kufikia Hukm sahihi baada ya kuisoma na kuichunguza Mas'ala (suala) iliyowasilishwa mbele yao kwa njia kamili na ya kina.