Tahqeeq ya ‘Illah (Kuthibitisha ‘Illah):
The Tahqeeq (ascertaining of) the ‘Illah:
Hili linahusu kuchunguza matini za Shari'ah ili kupata elimu ya jambo ambalo ndilo sababu au chanzo cha Hukm. Hili linatuhitaji kuwa na ujuzi wa Alfaazh (maneno yanayotumika) na Asaleeb (mitindo) inayothibitisha hoja ya sababu, pamoja na jinsi zinavyotumika katika matini hizo. Kwa mfano, kauli ifuatayo ya Mtume ﷺ itachunguzwa ili kuona kama inathibitisha sababu (Al-‘Illiyah) au la:
This involves examining the Shar’iyah texts to acquire knowledge of the matter that is the cause or motive for the Hukm. This requires us to be knowledgeable of the Alfaazh (worded expressions) and Asaleeb (styles) that establish reasoning, and their application upon the texts. So for example the following statement of the Messenger (saw) would be examined to see if it establishes reasoning (Al-‘Illiyah) or not:
Kuhusu kondoo wanaochungwa malishoni bila gharama, Zakaah inawajibika juu yao.
In respect to the free grazing sheep there is Zakaah (due)
(Al-Bukhaari na Abu Daawood kwa maneno tofauti kidogo)
(Al-Bukhaari and Abu Daawood with a different wording)
Na hivyo ndivyo kila Hukm Shar'iy linavyojengwa juu ya majengo mawili:
And so in this way every Hukm Shar’iy is based upon two premises:
Ya kwanza: Tahqeeq ul-Manaat, na hii ni ya kiakili kabisa. Lengo lake ni kupata ujuzi wa uhalisia wa jambo au kitu ambacho hukumu inatakiwa kutolewa juu yake.
The first: Tahqeeq ul-Manaat and this is purely rational. Its purpose is to attain knowledge of the reality of the thing or matter that a Hukm is sought to be pronounced upon.
Ya pili: Kuelewa matini za Shar'iyah zinazohusiana na uhalisia huu, ambayo ndani yake mna Tahqeeq (uthibitisho au kubainisha) ya 'Illah.
The second: Understanding the Shar’iyah texts related to this reality which includes within it the Tahqeeq (verification or ascertainment) of the ‘Illah.
Hilo linafuatiwa na: Kutumia la pili juu ya la kwanza. Au kwa maneno mengine: Kupitia kupata elimu ya uhalisia huo na kupata maarifa na ufahamu (wa maandiko), ndipo hufikiwa elimu ya Hukm ya Allah kuhusiana na uhalisia huo.
That is then followed by: Applying the second upon the first. Or said differently: Through acquiring knowledge of the reality and gaining knowledge and understanding (of the texts) the knowledge of the Hukm of Allah in respect to that reality is arrived at.