Hujjiyat ul-Istihsaan (Uthibitisho au ushahidi wa uhalali wake kama chanzo cha ushahidi)
Hujjiyat ul-Istihsaan (Evidence or proof for its validity as a source of evidence)
Miongoni mwa dalili walizozileta kuunga mkono Istihsaan kuwa ni Hoja (chanzo cha kisheria cha ushahidi) ni hizi zifuatazo:
The following are from amongst the evidences that they have brought to support Istihsaan as a Hujjah (legal source of proof/evidence):
Kutoka katika Qur'aan:
From the Qur’aan:
Kauli ya Allah Ta'ala:
The Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
Wale wanaosikiliza kauli na kufuata lililo bora zaidi yake (Az-Zumar 18).
Those who listen to the speech and follow the best of it (Az-Zumar 18).
Na Kauli Yake Subhaanahu:
And His Qawl Subhaanahu:
Na fuateni yaliyo bora kabisa ya yale yaliyoteremshwa kwenu kutoka kwa Mola wenu Mlezi (Az-Zumar 55).
And follow the best of what was revealed to you from your Lord (Az-Zumur 55).
Kuhusu Aya ya kwanza, upande walio itumia kama dalili ni kwamba ina sifa na pongezi kwa yule anayefuata kauli iliyo bora. Upande wa Aya ya pili ni amri ya Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala ya kufuata lililo bora zaidi ya alichokiteremsha. Ikiwa Istihsaan si Hoja (dalili), basi kwa nini sifa, pongezi na jambo hili vipo?
In respect to the first Aayah the angle that they have used for proof is that it contains praise and commendation for the one who follows the best speech. The angle of the second Aayah is His Ta’Aalaa’s command to follow the best of what He revealed. If Istihsaan is not a Hujjah (proof) then why does this praise, commendation and matter exist.
Kuhusu Ijmaa':
As for the Ijmaa’:
Hivyo hilo linaonyeshwa katika Ijmaa' ya Mafaqihi wote kuhusu kuruhusiwa kuingia bafuni bila kubainisha muda utakaotumika ndani yake, kiasi cha maji kitakachotumika, na bila kubainisha kiasi kilicholipwa... Hili linapingana na masharti na nguzo za 'Aqd (mkataba) katika Uislamu.
Then this is represented in the Ijmaa’ of all of the Fuqahaa in respect to the permissibility to enter the bathroom without specification of the amount of time to be spent in it, the quantity of water used and without specifying the amount that has been paid... This is whilst it is contrary to the conditions and pillars of the ‘Aqd (contract) in Islaam.
Vivyo hivyo, kuna Ijmaa' ya Mafaqihi kuhusu ruhusa ya kunywa maji kutoka mikononi mwa wale wanaoyatoa, bila kubainisha kiasi cha maji.
Similarly, there is the Ijmaa’ of the Fuqahaa upon the permission to drink water from the hands of those who provide it without specifying the amount of water.
Wale waliokuwa na mtazamo wa Istihsaan walijaribu kufafanua maana yake, kubainisha sifa zake, na kueleza kwamba si kauli wala maoni yanayotegemea matamanio na hisia za kibinafsi, bali ni kuhama kutoka Qiyaas moja kwenda Qiyaas nyingine, au kutoka kwenye Qaa’idah Kulliyah (kanuni ya jumla), au kuitenga Asl ya jumla kwa sababu ya Daleel inayolazimu kuhama huko, kuachana na kanuni hiyo, au kuitenga.
Those who held the view of Istihsaan attempted to clarify its meaning, specify its features and explain that it does not represent a statement or opinion based on desires and whims but rather it only represents the departure of one Qiyaas to another Qiyaas, or an exemption from a Qaa’idah Kulliyah (comprehensive principle), or the specification from a general Asl (origin) due to a Daleel that requires that departure or the exemption or specification.