Basi mtakapokutana na wale waliokufuru, piga shingoni; hadi mtakapowaua wengi wao na kuwajeruhi, basi wafungeni kwa nguvu (yaani wachukueni mateka). Baadaye (ni wakati wa) kuwaachia kwa wema, au kuwakomboa kwa fidia, mpaka vita viweke chini mzigo wake (Muhammad 4).
So, when you meet those who disbelieve strike at their necks till when you have killed and wounded many of them, then bind a bond firmly (i.e. take them as captives). Thereafter (is the time) either for generosity (i.e. free them without ransom), or ransom until the war lays down its burden (Muhammad 4).
Aqsaam (Aina za) Al-waajib Kwa Kuzingatia Ubainishaji wa Kile Kinachohitajika na Kutokubainishwa kwake
Aqsaam (categories Of) Al-waajib In Regards To The Consideration Of The Specification Of What Is Required And Its Non-specification
1 – Al-Waajib Al-Mu’ayyan (lililobainishwa):
1 – Al-Waajib Al-Mu’ayyan (specified):
Hii ni kile ambacho Shaari' ameitaka chenyewe bila kumpa Mukallaf fursa ya kuchagua kati ya mambo (au vitendo) tofauti. Swalah ni mfano wa wajibu wa aina hiyo. Kwa hiyo wajibu wa Swalah haumwondokei Mukallaf isipokuwa amekwisha kuitekeleza yenyewe, hivyo haiwezi kubadilishwa kwa kusoma Qur'aan na kufunga.
This is what the Shaari’ has requested in itself without providing the choice to the Mukallaf to choose between different matters (or actions). The Salaah is an example of such an obligation. As such the (obligation of the) Salaah does not fall from the Mukallaf unless he has performed it in itself, so it cannot be substituted by the recitation of the Qur’aan and fasting.
2 – Al-Waajib Ghair ul-Mu’ayyan (lisilo bainishwa) au Al-Waajib Al-Mukhayyar (la kuchagua): Hili ni jambo ambalo Ash-Shaari' (Mwenye kutunga sheria) ameomba litekelezwe; si kwa maana ya jambo mahsusi lenyewe, bali ndani ya mambo ambayo yamefahamishwa. Ni juu ya Mukallaf kuchagua mojawapo kati yao ili alitekeleze na kutimiza Waajib huo. Waajib huu unaweza kuwa mmoja kati ya mawili, kama katika Qawl ya Allah Ta'aalaa:
2 – Al-Waajib Ghair ul-Mu’ayyan (non-specified) or Al-Waajib Al-Mukhayyar (of choice): This is what the Shaari’ (Legislator) has requested to be undertaken; not in itself (specifically) but within matters which have been made known. It is up to the Mukallaf to choose one from them in order to perform and fulfil such a Waajib. This Waajib could be one of two like in the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
Hii inatufahamisha kwamba ni juu ya Khalifah kuamua ama kuwaacha huru mateka wa vita au kuwabadilisha kwa fidia.
This informs us that it is up to the Khalifah either to let the captives of war free or to exchange them by ransom.
Waajib isiyobainishwa pia inaweza kuwa moja kati ya mambo matatu, na mfano wake ni Kaffaarah (kafara) ya Yameen (kiapo). Ni wajibu kwa mtu aliyevunja kiapo kufanya mojawapo ya mambo matatu: kuwalisha masikini kumi, au kuwapa mavazi, au kumwacha huru mtumwa. Hii ni katika hali ya kuwa na uwezo. Lakini ikiwa uwezo haupo, basi wajibu huwa ni Mu’ayyan (uliobainishwa), nao ni kufunga siku tatu.
The non-specified Waajib could also be one from three matters and its example is the Kaffaarah (expiation) of the Yameen (oath). It is obligatory upon the one who breaks the oath to do one of three things: The feeding of ten poor, or providing clothing to them or to free a slave. This is in the case when the capability exists but if the capability is not present then the obligation is Mu’ayyan (specified) and that is the fasting of three days.