Tulipozungumzia Istihsaan, tulitaja baadhi ya mifano ya kiutendaji wa matumizi ya Istihsaan pamoja na aina mbalimbali za Istihsaan, na sasa tutawasilisha mifano mingine.

Whilst discussing Istihsaan we mentioned some practical examples of the application of Istihsaan and the different types of Istihsaan and now we will present some other examples:

Mfano:

Example:

Mate ya mdomo wa ndege wawindaji (mate au mabaki ya mdomo) na suala hili linahusu kile kinachobaki majini baada ya ndege wawindaji kunywa kutoka humo, kama vile kipanga, tai, kunguru na mwewe. Mate ya ndege hawa ni safi (Twahir) kwa msingi wa Istihsaan, na ni najisi kwa msingi wa Qiyaas.

The saliva (spittle) of the beak of the predatory bird and this issue relates to what is left behind in the water after predatory birds drink from it like a hawk, vulture, crow or eagle. The spittle of these birds is pure (Taahir) based on Istihsaan and Najas (impure) based on Qiyaas.

Pembe ya kipimo (Al-Qiyaas):

The angle of analogy (Al-Qiyaas):

Mate wa wanyama ambao nyama yao ni haramu ni najisi, kama vile mate ya chui (au duma), simba, simba mkubwa (au mnyama wa kuwinda) na mbwa mwitu. Mate au tema ya ndege wawindaji, ambao kula nyama yao ni haramu, yamehukumiwa kuwa najisi (si safi) kwa kulinganisha (Qiyaas).

The saliva of animals whose flesh is prohibited is Najas like that of a panther (or cheater), tiger, lion (or beast of prey) and wolf. The saliva or spittle of the predatory birds, which are prohibited to eat the flesh of, has by analogy (Qiyaas) been judged to be Najas (impure).

Pembe ya Istihsaan:

The angle of Istihsaan:

Kuhusu ndege wawindaji, ingawa nyama yao ni haramu, mate yao yanayotokana na nyama yao hayachanganyiki na mate yao kwa sababu wao hunywa kwa midomo yao, nayo ni mfupa safi. Ama mate ya wanyama wawindaji, wao hunywa kwa ndimi zao, ambazo huchanganyika na mate yao, na kwa sababu hiyo mate yao ni Najis.

In respect to the predatory birds, even if the flesh is prohibited, their saliva generated from their flesh does not mix with their spit because they drink with their beaks and this is a pure bone. As for the spittle of the predatory beasts then they drink with their tongues which is mixed with their saliva and for that reason their spit is Najas.

Mfano mwingine:

Another example:

Uuzaji wa kitu ambacho hakipo (Al-Ma'doom) ni batili kutokana na kauli ya Mtume ﷺ:

The sale of that which does not exist (Al-Ma’doom) is Baatil (invalid) due to the Qawl of the Messenger (saw):

Hata hivyo, 'As-Salam' (kununua kwa mbele/kulipia mapema kwa bidhaa zitakazotolewa baadaye) kumeruhusiwa kwa njia ya Istihsaan kutokana na kauli ya Mtume ﷺ:

However, ‘As-Salam’ (forward/advanced buying) has been exempted by way of Istihsaan due to the statement of the Messenger (saw):

Kwa hiyo msimamo wa awali ni kutojuzu kubadilisha Dirham kwa Dirham ikiwa kuna tofauti katika uzito wao. Hata hivyo, kwa njia ya Istihsaan inajuzu kubadilisha

The original position is therefore the impermissibility to exchange the Dirham for a Dirham if there is a difference in their weight. However, by way of Istihsaan it is permissible to exchange the

Dirham kwa Dirham nyingine yenye thamani sawa, hata kama kuna tofauti kidogo katika uzito, na hili ni kuondoa ugumu (Al-Haraj).

Dirham for another Dirham that is equal in value and even if there was a slight disparity in respect to the weight and this is to lift or remove the difficulty (Al-Haraj).

Mfano mwingine:

Another example:

Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alikataza uuzaji wenye sharti (Shart). Hata hivyo, kwa Istihsaan, wengi wa Hanafiyah waliruhusu jambo hilo kwa sababu ya Maslahah (maslahi) ya muuzaji kumwekea mnunuzi sharti la kuthibitisha deni kwa kuweka dhamana maalum (Rahn).

The Messenger of Allah (saw) forbade the sale with the condition (Shart). However, by Istihsaan the majority of the Hanafiyah permitted it due to the Maslahah (interest) for the seller to stipulate upon the buyer to assure the debt by putting down a specific security (Rahn)