Masharti ya ‘Urf Al-Mu‘tabar (Desturi Inayopaswa Kuzingatiwa)
The Conditions Of The ‘urf Al-mu’tabar (the Custom That Is To Be Given Consideration)
Ili 'urf (desturi) lipewe kuzingatiwa na hukumu za kisheria zijengwe au kutegemezwa juu yake, masharti yafuatayo yameainishwa:
For the ‘Urf to be given consideration and for Ahkaam to be built or based upon it, the following have been stipulated as conditions:
1 – Kwamba jambo hilo halipingani na Nass (maandiko ya kisheria) pale linapowakilisha Urf Saheeh (desturi sahihi), kama vile uhalali wa Istisnaa' (kuagiza kutengenezwa kwa kitu), na si Urf Faasid (desturi potofu), kama vile kusimamia pombe katika karamu za Waleemah (sherehe za harusi).
1 – That it is not contrary to the Nass (text) where it represents a Saheeh ‘Urf like the permissibility of Istisnaa’ (ordering a thing to be manufactured) and is not a Faasid ‘Urf like managing alcohol at Waleemahs (celebration dinners).
2 – Kwamba 'Urf ni Muttarid (ya jumla) au Ghaalib (inayotawala), yaani 'Urf umeenea miongoni mwa watu wake, unajulikana kwao na wanautendea kazi. Kutawala kunamaanisha kwamba wengi wa watu wanatenda kulingana nao.
2 – That the ‘Urf is Muttarid (general) or Ghaalib (predominant) meaning that the ‘Urf is widespread amongst its people, well-known to them and acted upon by them. The predominance means that the majority of the people act in accordance to it.
3 – Kwamba ‘Urf ulikuwa umeshaanza kabla ya wakati wa kuutekeleza, kisha ‘Urf huo unaendelea hadi wakati wake ili uende sambamba nao kwa wakati mmoja. Hiyo ina maana kwamba wakati wa mwenendo, ‘Urf huo unatekelezwa.
3 – That the ‘Urf had arisen prior to the time of acting upon it and then the ‘Urf continues until its time so that it proceeds hand in hand with it simultaneously. That means that at the time of the conduct, the ‘Urf is being acted upon.
4 – Kwamba hakuna kauli wala kitendo chochote kinachothibitisha kinyume cha ‘Urf. Mfano wa hili ni kama ikiwa kwa mujibu wa ‘Urf gharama za kuuza nje ya nchi (usafirishaji) zinamwangukia mnunuzi, lakini pande mbili zinazofanya mkataba zimekubaliana zimwangukie muuzaji. Katika hali hii ‘Urf utaachwa, na kitakachochukuliwa ni kile ambacho pande mbili zinazofanya mkataba zilikubaliana. Qaa’idah katika jambo hili, kwa mujibu wao, inasema: ‘Kile kinachothibitika kwa ‘Urf bila kutajwa hakithibitiki iwapo kimetajwa kinyume chake”. Hii imechukuliwa kutoka katika ‘Qawaa’id’ (kanuni) za ‘Al-‘Izz Bin Abdis Salaam, juzuu ya 2, ukurasa wa 178.
4 – That there is no speech or action that establishes the opposite of the ‘Urf. This would be like if it was from the ‘Urf that the fees of exporting were upon the buyer whilst the two contracting partners agreed for it to be upon the seller. In this case the ‘Urf would be dropped and what the two contracting parties had agreed would be taken. The Qaa’idah in this case according to them states: ‘That which is established by ‘Urf without mention is not established if the contrary has been stated”. This is taken from the ‘Qawaa’id’ (principles) of ‘Al-‘Izz Bin Abdis Salaam volume 2 page 178.