Je, An-Naskh hutokea vipi kuhusiana na Kitaab na Sunnah?
How does An-Naskh take place in respect to the Kitaab and the Sunnah
1 – Naskh ya Qur'aan kwa Qur'aan:
1 – The Naskh of the Qur’aan by the Qur’aan:
Mfano:
Example:
Al-Mansookh (lililofutwa hukmu): Hukmu ya kusimama kwa Muislamu mmoja mbele ya maadui kumi vitani. Allah Ta'aalaa amesema:
Al-Mansookh (the abrogated): The Hukm of the steadfastness of one of the Muslims before ten of the enemy in battle. Allah Ta’Aalaa said:
Ikiwa kati yenu wapo ishirini wenye subira, watashinda mia mbili (Al-Anfaal 65).
If there are twenty steadfast from you then you will overcome two hundred (Al Anfaal 65).
An-Naasikh (mnaasikhaji): Hukumu ya ustahimilivu wa mmoja wa Waislamu mbele ya maadui wawili vitani. Allah Ta'aalaa amesema:
An-Naasikh (the abrogating): The Hukm of the steadfastness of one of the Muslims before two of the enemy in battle. Allah Ta’Aalaa said:
Sasa Allah amewapunguzia mzigo, kwani amejua kwamba ndani yenu kuna udhaifu. Basi ikiwa miongoni mwenu wapo mia wenye subira na uthabiti, watawashinda mia mbili (Al-Anfaal 66).
Now Allah has lightened for you and He has known that there is weakness amongst you. So if there are one hundred from you who are steadfast they will overcome two hundred (Al-Anfaal 66).
2 – Naskh ya Sunnah kwa Qur'aan:
2 – The Naskh of the Sunnah by the Qur’aan:
Mfano:
Example:
Kuelekeza sala kuelekea Bait ul-Maqdis kulifutwa na Qur'ani kwa kauli ya Allah Taʿala:
Directing the prayer to Bait ul-Maqdis was abrogated by the Qur’aan with the speech of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
Kwa hiyo elekeza uso wako upande wa Al-Masjid Al-Haram. Na popote mlipo, elekezeni nyuso zenu upande wake (katika Sala) (Al-Baqarah 144).
So turn your face toward al-Masjid al-Haram. And wherever you [believers] are, turn your faces toward it [in prayer] (Al-Baqarah 144).
3 - Naskh ya Sunnah kwa Sunnah:
3 - The Naskh of the Sunnah by the Sunnah:
Mfano:
Example:
Inaruhusiwa kwa Sunnah Al-Mutawaatirah kufutwa na Sunnah Al-Mutawaatirah, Al-Aahaad kufutwa na Al-Mutawaatir, na Al-Aahaad kufutwa na Al-Aahaad. Mifano ya hilo ni kauli ya Mtume ﷺ: “Nilikuwa nimekukatazeni kuzuru makaburi, lakini (sasa) yazuruni” (Ad-Daaru Qutniy 259/4), na kauli yake ﷺ: “Nilikuwa nimekukatazeni (hapo awali) kwa ajili ya wasafiri tu, lakini sasa hifadhini (nyama) na itoleeni sadaka” (Al Bukhaari na Muslim).
It is permissible for the Sunnah Al-Mutawaatirah to be abrogated by the Sunnah Al-Mutawaatirah, Al-Aahaad by Al-Mutawaatir and Al Aahaad by Al-Aahaad. Examples of this include the statement of the Messenger (saw): “I had forbidden you from visiting the graves but (now) visit them” (Ad-Daaru Qutniy 259/4) and his statement (saw): “I had only forbidden you (previously) for the sake of travellers but now store (the meats) and give it in charity” (Al Bukhaari and Muslim)
Kile ambacho haiwezekani kufutwa (An-Naskh) kutokea ndani yake
That which it is not permissible for An-Naskh to occur in
1 – Si halali kubatilisha Hukm iliyothibiti kwa kutumia Al Ijmaa'.
1 – It is not permissible to abrogate an established Hukm by Al Ijmaa’.
Hii ni kwa sababu hukumu iliyothibitishwa kwa Al-Ijmaa' ilikuja baada ya kifo cha Mtume ﷺ, na hivyo ilikuwa baada ya kukoma kwa Wahyi. Kwa hiyo hakuna nass yoyote kutoka kwenye Kitabu au Sunnah baada ya kumalizika au kukoma kwa Wahyi.
This is because the established Hukm by Al-Ijmaa’ came after the death of the Messenger (saw) and was therefore after the cessation of the Wahi (revelation). There is therefore no text from the Kitaab or the Sunnah after the end or cessation of the Wahi.
2 – Haijuzu kufuta (kunasakhi) Kitaab kwa Sunnah.
2 – It is not permissible to abrogate the Kitaab by the Sunnah.
Hii ni kwa sababu Allah Ta'aalaa anasema:
This is because Allah Ta’Aalaa says:
Na tunapobadilisha aya mahali pa aya (An-Nahl 101).
And when We substitute a verse in place of a verse (An-Nahl 101).
Na Yeye Ta'Aalaa anasema:
And He Ta’Aalaa says:
Tunaleta bora zaidi kuliko hiyo au mfano wake (Al-Baqarah 106).
We bring better than it or like it (Al-Baqarah 106).
Sunnah si sawa na Aayaat, wala si bora kuliko Qur'aan au sawa nayo. Pia imepokewa kwa usahihi kutoka kwa 'Umar Ibn Al-Khattaab (ra) kwamba alisema: "Hatuiachi Kitabu cha Allah na Sunnah ya Nabii wetu kwa kauli ya mwanamke ambaye hatujui kama amesema kweli au amesema uongo."
The Sunnah is not the same as the Aayaat and it is not better than the Qur’aan or like it. It has also been soundly reported from ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khattaab (ra) that he said: “We do not leave the Kitaab of Allah and the Sunnah of our Nabi for the statement of a women whom we don’t know whether she has told the truth or lied”.
3 – Si halali kufuta Sunnah Al-Mutawaatirah kwa Khabar Al-Aahaad.
3 – It is not permissible to abrogate the Sunnah Al-Mutawaatirah by the Khabar Al-Aahaad.
Hii ni kwa sababu Sunnah Al-Mutawaatirah ni Qat'iy Ath-Thuboot (uthibitisho wake ni wa hakika), ilhali Khabar Al-Aahaad ni Zhanniy Ath-Thuboot (uthibitisho wake ni wa dhana), na Zhanniy haiwezi kufuta Qat'iy kwa sababu Qat'iy iko juu zaidi yake.
This is because the Sunnah Al-Mutawaatirah is Qat’iy Ath-Thuboot whilst the Khabar Al-Aahaad is Zhanniy Ath-Thuboot and the Zhanniy cannot abrogate the Qat’iy because the Qat’iy is higher than it.
4 – Haijuzu kufuta Hukmu ya Al-Qiyaas.
4 – It is not permissible to abrogate a Hukm of Al-Qiyaas.
Qiyaas (kulinganisha) ambayo ni Mu’tabar (inayokubalika na yenye nguvu) ni ile Qiyaas ambayo ‘Illah (sababu ya hukumu) yake inatoka katika Qur’aan au Sunnah. Qiyaas hubaki maadamu Asl (msingi) unabaki, na ikiwa Asl itafutwa hukumu yake (Naskh), basi hakuna Qiyaas tena. Kwa sababu hii, An-Naskh (kufutwa kwa hukumu) hakutokei katika Al-Qiyaas kabisa, na haiwezekani kufikiriwa kwamba kufutwa kwa Qiyaas kutatokea wakati Asl bado inabaki, kwa sababu hukumu iko ndani ya Asl.
The Qiyaas (analogy) which is Mu’tabar (considered/valid) is the Qiyaas which its ‘Illah (reason) is from the Qur’aan or the Sunnah. The Qiyaas remains as long as the Asl (origin) remains and if the Asl is abrogated then there is no Qiyaas. For this reason, An-Naskh (abrogation) does not occur in Al-Qiyaas at all and the occurrence of the abrogation of Qiyaas cannot been envisioned to happen whilst the Asl (origin) remains because the Hukm is present within the Asl.