Al-khaass (al-xos)
Al-khaass (the Specific)
Ta'rifi:
Its definition:
Al-Khaass — bu aniq bir shaxsga, yoki bir turga (naw') bog'liq bitta fardga, yoki cheklangan, ya'ni aniqlangan bir qancha afrodga ishora qilish uchun qo'yilgan yoki ishlatilgan lafzdir.
Al-Khaass is the Lafzh that has been provided or utilised to indicate to a single Fard (element) related to the person, or a single Fard related to the kind (Naw’u) or to a number of Afraad which are restricted or limited (i.e. specified).
Shunga ko'ra, u uch turga bo'linadi:
It therefore has three types:
Xos shaxsiy (aniq shaxs) — Zayd, Muhammad va Bag'dod kabi ismlar bo'lgan otlar.
- Khaass Shakhsiy (specific person) like the nouns which are names like: Zaid, Muhammad and Baghdaad.
Xos nav’iy (aniq tur/tur) kabi inson, odam va ayol.
- Khaass Naw’iy (specific type/kind) like man, human and woman.
yoki Xos (khaass), bu bir nechta alohida unsurlarni (afrod) bildiradi, lekin 'Om (aamm) kabi barcha afrodni to'liq qamrab olish (al-istig'raaq, ya'ni butunlay o'z ichiga olish yoki qamrash)ni bildirmaydi.
- Or the Khaass which indicates to a number of individual elements (Afraad) but does not indicate Al-Istighraaq (i.e. complete absorption or taking in/encompassing) of all of the Afraad like the ‘Aamm.
Xoss hukmi:
The Hukm of the Khaass:
Al-Khaass (xos) o‘ziga belgilangan ma’noni qat’iy dalolat (aniq ishora) orqali ko‘rsatadi va unga yo‘l-yo‘riq beradi, ya’ni unga boshqa narsaning sherik bo‘lish ehtimoli yoki uni yanada tor ma’noda cheklash ehtimoli paydo bo‘lmaydi. Masalan, Allohning (SWT) quyidagi so‘zi kabi:
The Khaass (specific) indicates and guides to the meaning that has been set for it by a Dalaalah Qat’iyah (definite indication) i.e. without the possibility arising for other than it to share with it or the possibility to specify it (further). This is like His Qawl (swt):
Kimki (bu qasamni buzgan kishi) buning uchun imkoniyat topa olmasa yoki (kafforat berishga) qurbi yetmasa, u holda uch kun ro'za tutishi lozim (Moida surasi, 89-oyat).
But whoever cannot find [a way or afford it] - then a fast of three days [is required] (Al-Maa’idah 89).
Bu, "uch kun" lafzi Khaass (aniq) alfaaz jumlasidan ekanligi uchun, uning ma'nosi hech qanday ziyodasiz yoki kamaytirishsiz uch kunni bildirishini ko'rsatadi.
That is because the Lafzh ‘three days’ is from the Khaass (specific) Alfaazh (worded expressions) and so its meaning indicates three days without any increase or reduction.