Al-Qiyos rukunlari
The Arkaan (pillars) of Al-Qiyaas
Al-Asl (asl), Al-Far' (far'), Hukm ul-Asl (asl hukmi) va Al-'Illah (sabab)
Al-Asl (origin), Al-Far’u (branch), Hukm ul-Asl (original Hukm) and Al-‘Illah (reason)
Qiyos arkonlari (ustunlari) qiyosning quyidagi ma'nosidan olinadi:
The Arkaan (pillars) of Qiyaas are taken from the following meaning of Qiyaas:
«Asl» (asos) bilan «far’» (tarmoq) o‘rtasidagi, ular o‘rtasidagi birlashtiruvchi «illat» tufayli, shar’iy hukmga nisbatan tarmoqning asosga bog‘lanishi (yoki qo‘shilishi).
‘The attachment (or joining) of a branch (Far’un) with and origin (Asl) in respect to a Hukm Shar’iy due to the unifying ‘Illah between them’.
Shunday qilib, qiyos (qiyos) ham arkon (ustunlar)ni talab qiladi, ularsiz u amalga oshmaydi, va bular quyidagilardir:
As such Qiyaas requires Arkaan (pillars) without which it will not be fulfilled and these are:
Qiyos qilinmoqchi bo‘lgan far’ (shox, banddir).
The Far’u (branch) that is intended to be analogised to.
Asl (asos) — qiyos qilinadigan asos.
The Asl (origin) that the analogy is intended to be made upon.
Shariat hukmining aniq hukmi, ya'ni asl (asos) hukmi, bandaning fe'liga (amaliga) tatbiq etilishi ko'zda tutilgan hukm.
The specific Hukm Ash-Shar’iy of the origin that is intended to be applied upon the branch.
Asl bilan tarmoqni bog'lovchi 'illat.
The ‘Illah that joins the origin to the branch.
Misol:
Example:
Alloh Taolo aytadi:
Allah Ta’Aalaa says:
Va ulар uchun qo'lingizdan kelgancha kuch va jangovar otlarni tayyorlang, ular bilan Allohning dushmani va o'zingizning dushmanlaringizni qo'rqitasiz (Al-Anfol, 60).
And prepare for them all that you are able of force and of steeds of war by which you may terrify the enemy of Allah and your enemy (Al-Anfaal 60).
Asl (asos): Aayat nozil bo'lgan paytda bunga kiradigan narsalar — zarur kuch-quvvatni va urush otlarini tayyorlab qo'yish edi.
The Asl (origin): Preparing or making ready the necessary power or force and the steeds of war were included within this at the time of the descent of the Aayah.
Farʼ (tarmoq): Bugun zarur kuch-qudratni, ya'ni unga ichida raketalar va yadro bombalarini ham o'z ichiga oladigan kuchni tayyorlash yoki unga tayyor bo'lish.
The Far’u (branch): Preparing or making ready the necessary power of force today which would include within it missiles and nuclear bombs.
Hukm: Vujub (majburiyat).
The Hukm: Al-Wujoob (obligation).
Illat (sabab): dushmanga vahima solish (qo'rquv solish).
The ‘Illah (reason): Striking terror (fear) into the enemy.
Iltimos, tarjima qilinadigan matnni yuboring. Men ingliz tilidagi islomiy kitob matnlarini o‘zbek tiliga tarjima qilaman.
Another example:
Alloh Taolo aytadi:
Allah Ta’Aalaa says:
Ey iymon keltirganlar, juma kuni namozga azon aytilganda, Allohni eslashga shoshilinglar va savdo-sotiqni tashlab qo'yinglar. (Al-Jumu'a, 9) (SWT)
O you who have believed, when [the Adhaan] is called for the prayer on the day of Jumu'ah [Friday], then proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade (AlJumu’ah 9)
Al-Asl: Savdo.
Al-Asl: Trade.
Al-Far’u: Ijara (ijora) yoki suzish.
Al-Far’u: Ijaarah (hiring/leasing) or swimming.
Al-Hukm: Juma namozining azoni vaqtida savdo-sotiq qilishning taharrumi (man etilishi), bu hukm bundan keyin ham shoxa (furu') masalalariga nisbatan qo'llanadi.
Al-Hukm: Tahreem (the prohibition) of conducting trade at the time of the Adhaan of the Jumu’ah prayer which then also applies upon the Far’u (branch).
Al-‘Illah (sababi tashrii'): Juma namozidan chalg'itish (ilhaa').
Al-‘Illah (reasoning for the legislation): Ilhaa’ (distraction) from Salaat ul-Jumu’ah.