Al-hukm ash-shar'iy turlari (Aqsaam)
The Aqsaam (categories) Of Al-hukm Ash-shar’iy
Hukm ash-shar'iy ikki turga bo'linadi: al-hukm ash-shar'iy at-taklifiy va al-hukm ash-shar'iy al-vad'iy.
The Hukm Ash-Shar’iy is divided into two categories: Al-Hukm Ash-Shar’iy At-Takleefiy and Al-Hukm Ash-Shar’iy Al-Wad’iy.
Ash-Shar'iy At-Takleefiy hukmi:
Al-Hukm Ash-Shar’iy At-Takleefiy:
Al-Hukm Ash-Shar’iy At-Takleefiy — bu Ash-Shaari’ (Qonun chiqaruvchi)ning bandalarning (insonlarning) amallariga oid xitobi bo‘lib, u iqtidaa’ (talab) yoki at-takhyeer (ixtiyor berish) yo‘li bilan bo‘ladi.
Al-Hukm Ash-Shar’iy At-Takleefiy is the address of Ash-Shaari’ (The Legislator) related to the actions of the ‘Ibaad (slaves/people) B-il-Iqtidaa’ or At-Takhyeer.
Ushbu hukm "takleefiy" deb ataladi, chunki u insonga Talab (talab qilish) orqali Takleef (huquqiy mas'uliyat yuklash) ni o'z ichiga oladi: ya'ni biror ishni bajarish talabi, yoki undan tiyilish talabi, yoki ishni bajarish bilan tark etish o'rtasida ixtiyor berish (Takhyeer) ko'rinishida.
This Hukm is called Takleefiy because it contains a Takleef (legal charging of responsibility) for the human by way of a Talab (request) to undertake the action or a Talab to leave the action or a provision of choice (Takhyeer) between undertaking the action or leaving it.
Hukm ash-shar’iy at-taklifiy beshta turga bo‘linadi:
The Hukm Ash-Shar’iy At-Takleefiy is divided into five types:
1 – Al-Vojib: Bu Shoriy (Qonun chiqaruvchi) qat'iy talab bilan bajarilishini so'ragan narsadir (Talab Jazim). Masalan, zakot kabi.
1 – Al-Waajib: It is what the Shaari’ (Legislator) has requested to do with a decisive request (Talab Jaazim). This is like the Zakaah for example.
2 – Al-Mandub: Bu Shoriy (Qonun chiqaruvchi) tomonidan qat'iy bo'lmagan talab (Talab Ghair Jaazim) bilan qilinishi so'ralgan narsadir. Masalan, sadaqa berish kabi.
2 – Al-Mandoob: It is what the Shaari’ (Legislator) has requested to do with a non-decisive request (Talab Ghair Jaazim). This is like the giving of Sadaqah for example.
3 – Al-Haaram: bu Shoriy' (Shaari') tomonidan qat'iy talab bilan tark etilishi so'ralgan narsadir (Talab Jaazim). Masalan, zino va riboga o'xshash narsalar.
3 – Al-Haraam: It is what the Shaari’ has requested to leave with a decisive request (Talab Jaazim). This is like Zinaa and Ribaa for example.
4 – Makruh: bu Shoriʼ tomonidan qat’iy bo‘lmagan talab (Talab G‘ayr Jozim) bilan tark etish so‘ralgan narsadir. Masalan, tahoratxonada (hojatxonada) gaplashish kabi.
4 – Al-Makrooh: It is what the Shaari’ has requested to leave with a non-decisive request (Talab Ghair Jaazim). This is like speaking in the place where one relives them self for example.
5 – Al-Mubaah: Bu shundayki, Shoriy (Shoriy' – Shar' egasi) mukallafga (shariat yuklagan shaxsga) ishni qilish yoki uni tark etish o‘rtasida tanlov berganida. Masalan, suv ichish va yurish kabilar shunga misoldir.
5 – Al-Mubaah: This is when the Shaari’ has provided the choice to the Mukallaf (one charged) between undertaking the action or leaving it. This is like drinking water and walking for example.