Mavoni' (Maniʼ so'zining ko'plik shakli) — amalni bajarish (al-adaʼ) va talab (at-talab) nuqtai nazaridan
The Mawaani’ (plural Of Maani’) In Respect To Performance (al-adaa’) And Request (at-talab)
Talab (talab) va so‘rov (taqdir)ni hisobga olganda, Mavoni’ (to‘sqinliklar) ikki toifaga bo‘linadi:
The Mawaani’ (preventers) in consideration of the performance and request are divided into two categories:
1 – Talabni (talab qilishni) to‘sadigan va uning bajarilishiga ham to‘sqinlik qiladigan Maoniy: bu uyqu yoki aqldan ozish tufayli aql yo‘qolishiga o‘xshaydi. Chunki u namoz, ro‘za va savdo kabi hukmlarga oid talabni to‘sadi. Shu bilan birga, ularning bajarilishiga ham to‘sqinlik qiladi. Shunday ekan, bu tur asosiy Taklifiy talabdan (talabdan) to‘sadigan Maoniy hisoblanadi.
1 – A Maani’ that is preventative of the Talab (request) and prevents the performance and this is like the loss of the ‘Aql (mind) due to sleep or insanity. That is because it prevents the request of prayer, fasting and trade amongst other matters related to the Ahkaam. At the same time, it prevents its performance and so this kind represents a preventer (Maani’) from the original Takleefiy Talab (request).
2 – Maniʼ, ammo talabni (talab qilishni) toʼsadi, lekin adoni (ijro etishni) toʼsmaydi. Bunga jumʼa namozi borasidagi ayol kishi misol boʼladi. Chunki ayol kishi boʼlish jumʼa namozini talab qilishga toʼsiq boʼladi, biroq agar ayol namozni oʼqisa, uning namozi sahih boʼladi, chunki maniʼ talabga toʼsiq boʼladi, adoga emas (talabga toʼsiq boʼladi, lekin ijroga emas). Xuddi shunday, safar (sayohat) roʼza tutish (as-sawm) yoki toʼrt rakʼatli namozlarda toʼrt rakʼatni toʼliq oʼqish talabiga maniʼ boʼladi. Lekin agar musofir roʼza tutsa yoki toʼrt rakʼatli namozni qisqartirmasdan oʼqisa, bu unga ruxsat etiladi, chunki maniʼ talabga toʼsiq boʼladi, ʼadoga emas.
2 – A Maani’ that prevents the Talab but does not prevent the performance and this is like being female in respect to the Jumu’ah prayer. That is because being female is a preventer of the request of Salaat ul-Jumu’ah however if the woman was to perform the Salaah it would be valid for her because the Maani’ is preventative of the Talab but not the Adaa’ (the request but not the performance). Similarly, Safar (travelling) is a Maani’ for the Talab (request) of fasting (As-Sawm) or from completing the four Rak’ah of the four Rak’ah prayers. However, if the Musaafir (traveller) was to fast or pray four Rak’ah without shortening, that would be permitted for him because the Maani’ represents a preventer (Maani’) from the Talab and not the ‘Adaa (performance).
Xuddi shunday, rukhas (ruxsat, ya'ni amalni tark etish yoki uni yengillashtirish uchun berilgan maxsus ijozat degan ma'noni anglatuvchi "rukhsah"ning ko'pligi) sabablarining barchasi talab (so'rash, buyurilgan qilish)dan to'sadigan mavoni' (to'siqlar)ni ifodalaydi, amalni bajarishdan emas.
Similarly, all of the causes of Rukhas (plural of Rukhsah meaning special permission or licence to leave an action) represent Mawaani’ (preventers) from the Talab (request) and not from the performance.