ʻUrf al-muʻtabar shartlari (inobatga olinadigan odat)
The Conditions Of The ‘urf Al-mu’tabar (the Custom That Is To Be Given Consideration)
Urf asosida hukm chiqarilishi va unga amal qilinishi uchun quyidagi shartlar belgilangan:
For the ‘Urf to be given consideration and for Ahkaam to be built or based upon it, the following have been stipulated as conditions:
1 – Ushbu urf (odat) nassga (matnga) zid bo‘lmasa, ya’ni u sahih urf bo‘lsa, masalan, istisno’ (buyurtma asosida biror narsani tayyorlatish) ning joiz bo‘lishi kabi, va fosid urf bo‘lmasa, masalan, to‘y ziyofatlarida (valimalarda) spirtli ichimliklarni boshqarish kabi, shunday bo‘lishi kerak.
1 – That it is not contrary to the Nass (text) where it represents a Saheeh ‘Urf like the permissibility of Istisnaa’ (ordering a thing to be manufactured) and is not a Faasid ‘Urf like managing alcohol at Waleemahs (celebration dinners).
2 – Ta'rifning ('urf) muttarid (umumiy) yoki g'olib (ustun) bo'lishi, ya'ni 'urf o'z xalqi orasida keng tarqalgan, ular tomonidan yaxshi tanilgan va amal qilinadigan bo'lishidir. Ustunlik esa xalqning ko'pchiligi unga muvofiq ish tutishini anglatadi.
2 – That the ‘Urf is Muttarid (general) or Ghaalib (predominant) meaning that the ‘Urf is widespread amongst its people, well-known to them and acted upon by them. The predominance means that the majority of the people act in accordance to it.
3 – Că ‘urf (odat) amalga oshirilishidan oldin paydo bo‘lgan va keyin o‘z vaqtigacha davom etadi, shuning uchun u u bilan birga, bir vaqtda yuradi. Bu shuni anglatadiki, amal qilinayotgan vaqtda ‘urf ham amalda qo‘llanilmoqda.
3 – That the ‘Urf had arisen prior to the time of acting upon it and then the ‘Urf continues until its time so that it proceeds hand in hand with it simultaneously. That means that at the time of the conduct, the ‘Urf is being acted upon.
4 – Что нет ни одного высказывания или действия, которое устанавливало бы противоположное урфу. Это было бы похоже на то, что по урфу расходы на экспорт возлагаются на покупателя, а два договаривающихся стороны условились, что они возлагаются на продавца. В таком случае урф отменяется, и принимается то, на что договорились две договаривающиеся стороны. Кайда в этом случае, по их мнению, гласит: «То, что установлено урфом без упоминания, не устанавливается, если было заявлено обратное». Это взято из «Каваид» (принципов) Аль-Иззa ибн Абд ас-Салама, том 2, страница 178.
4 – That there is no speech or action that establishes the opposite of the ‘Urf. This would be like if it was from the ‘Urf that the fees of exporting were upon the buyer whilst the two contracting partners agreed for it to be upon the seller. In this case the ‘Urf would be dropped and what the two contracting parties had agreed would be taken. The Qaa’idah in this case according to them states: ‘That which is established by ‘Urf without mention is not established if the contrary has been stated”. This is taken from the ‘Qawaa’id’ (principles) of ‘Al-‘Izz Bin Abdis Salaam volume 2 page 178.