Al-Ijmaa' ning sodir bo'lish imkoniyati
The possibility of the occurrence of Al-Ijmaa’
1 – Ummatning muayyan davr yoki zamondagi ijmoʻini, yoxud ummat ichidagi mujtahidlarning ijmoʻini belgilash aslida mumkin emas. Buning sababi, odamlar turli mintaqalarga tarqalgan edi. Bu mintaqalar bir-biridan uzoq bo‘lib, ularning orasidagi masofa ularning ijmoʻini amalga oshirib bo‘lmas qilardi. Bundan istisno — ularning Vahiydan ularga yetib kelgan qat’iy matn ustidagi ijmoʻi (kelishuvi), masalan, namozda qiblaga yuzlanish, ro‘za, zakot, haj va jihodning farzligi. Shunga qaramay, bu hukmlarning hujjatligi qat’iy matnga va mutavatir xabarlarga qaytadi, ijmoʻga emas.
1 – Concluding an Ijmaa’ (consensus) of the Islamic Ummah in a certain time period or era or the Ijmaa’ of the Mujtahideen from amongst the Ummah is not actually possible. This is because the people were dispersed across different regions. These regions are far away from each other and their distance apart makes their Ijmaa’ an impossibility. The exception to that is their Ijmaa’ (agreement and consensus) upon the Qat’iy text that has been transmitted to them from the Wahi like facing towards the Qiblah in the Salaah, the obligation of Siyaam, Zakaah, Hajj and Al-Jihaad. Despite that, the Hujjiyah (proof) in respect to these Ahkaam returns back to the definite (Qat’iy) text and to the Akhbaar Al-Mutawaatirah (definite reports) whilst it does not return to Al-Ijmaa’.
2 – Sahoba ijmosiga kelsak, uning bir qismi mutavotir yo‘l bilan bizgacha yetib kelgan, bir qismi esa ahod axborlari orqali yetkazilgan, ular ustida sahobalar ittifoq qilgan masalalarga oid. Bunga misol qilib, buvining merosda oltidan bir ulushni olishi haqidagi ijmolarini keltirish mumkin: agar buvi yagona bo‘lsa, butun ulushni oladi; agar bir nechta bo‘lsa, oltidan bir ulushda teng bo‘lishadi.
2 – As for Ijmaa’ As-Sahaabah, then some of it has been transmitted to us by way of Tawaatur whilst some of it has been transmitted by Akhbaar Al-Aahaad in respect to what their consensus has fallen upon. Examples of this include their Ijmaa’ in respect to the grandmother taking a sixth in inheritance; that she has the whole share if she is one and shares in the sixth if there are more than one.
Ular, shuningdek, Qur’on to‘plamiga va uning Mushafga ko‘chirilishiga bo‘yicha ijmo‘ qilishdi. Shuningdek, Rasululloh ﷺ ning xalifasi (vorisi) sifatida Abu Bakr (roziyallohu anhu)ni tayinlash to‘g‘risida ham kelishib oldilar, bundan tashqari fiqh kitoblarida mavjud bo‘lgan va Sahobalar ijmo‘iga nisbat berilgan boshqa ko‘plab amaliy shar’iy hukmlar bo‘yicha ham ijmo‘ qilishdi.
They also held a consensus upon the collection of the Qur’aan and upon it being copied down into a Mushaf. They also agreed upon the appointment of Abu Bakr (ra) as the Khalifah (successor) to the Messenger of Allah (saw) in addition to holding an Ijmaa’ upon many other practical Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah which are present within the books of Fiqh and are attributed to Ijmaa’ As-Sahaabah.