Kalom (nutq) — bu chuqur halqumning eng uzoq qismidan boshlab og‘iz va lablarning oxirigacha chiqadigan tovushli harflardir. Jami 28 ta harf (huruf) bor, va arablar shu harflardan ma'noga ega bo‘lgan nutq (kalom) tuzganlar. U bitta harfdan iborat bo‘lishi mumkin, masalan, harf al-jarr «al-Baa'u» («bi»), ikki harfdan, masalan, «min» va «kam», uch harfdan, masalan, «rajul» va «ilm», to‘rt harfdan, masalan, «samaa'un» va «dahraja», beshta harfdan, masalan, «julmood» va «isbakara». Ular asl so‘z sifatida beshtadan ortiq harfli so‘z o‘rnatmagan va so‘zlar asl harflar ustiga bir yoki ikki yoki uch harf qo‘shish orqali (qo‘shimcha ma'nolar berish uchun) ko‘payib borgan. Ular qo‘shimcha harflarni o‘nta bilan cheklaganlar, ular barchasi «Sa'altumoonihaa» («Siz (ko‘plik) uni menden so‘radingiz») degan so‘zda mavjud. Masalan, «istishaab» («ا سْتِصْحا ب») so‘zi «صحب» ildizidan olingan, qolgan harflar esa unga qo‘shilgan bo‘lib, ildizining yoki asosining qismi emas. «Iftitaah» («افُتِتَاح») so‘zi esa «فُتَحَ» so‘zidan olingan, qolgan harflar qo‘shimcha.

Al-Kalaam (speech) is letters that have sounds coming out from the furthest part of the throat to the end of the mouth and the lips. There are 28 letters (Huroof) and from these letters the Arabs constructed or composed speech (Kalaam) that contains meaning. It can consist of a letter (harf) like the Harf Al-Jarr ‘Al-Baa’u’ from two letters like ‘Min’ (and ‘Kam’ from three letters like ‘Rajul‘and ‘Ilm’ from four Huroof (letters) like ‘ Samaa’un’ and ‘Dahraja’ and from five letters like ‘Julmood‘ and ‘Isbakara' They did not set or provide an original word that was above 5 letters and words would only increase through adding a letter or two or three upon the original letters of the words (to provide extra meanings). They made these additional letters restricted to ten which are all found within the word ’ (Sa’altumoonihaa) (meaning: You (pl.) asked me it). So for example the word 'ا سْتِصْحا ب ‘ is from the origin of ‘صحب ‘whilst the rest of the letters are an addition to that and not from its root or origin. In respect to the word: ‘افُتِتَاح ‘it is taken from the word ‘ فُتَحَ' whilst the rest of the letters are additional.

1 – Al-Mufrad: U bitta kalima (so'z)dan tuzilgan va shundan iborat.

1 – Al-Mufrad: It is made up of and consists of one Kalimah (word).

Bu quyidagilarga bo‘linadi: Harf (predlog), Fe’l (fe’l) va Ism (ot).

This is divided into: The Harf (preposition), the F’il (verb) and the Ism (noun).

2 – Murakkab: bu ikki yoki undan ortiq so‘zdan tuzilgan yoki tarkib topgan narsadir.

2 – The Murakkab: It is what is made up of or consists of two words or more.

Bu bir qancha turlarga bo‘linadi:

This is divided into a number of types:

A – Al-Murakkab Al-Isnaadiy (Isnodiy birikma): Bu biror narsa yoki hodisani boshqa narsa yoki hodisaga nisbat berishni anglatadi, masalan, "Tool" (uzunlik) sifatini "Al-Qalam" (qalam) ga nisbat berib, "Qalam Taweel" (uzun qalam) deganda shunday bo‘ladi.

A – Al-Murakkab Al-Isnaadiy (Attributing composition): This refers to attributing a matter or thing to another matter or thing like attributing ‘Tool’ (length) to ‘Al-Qalam’ (pen) when you say: Qalam Taweel (A long pen).

Murakkab al-Isnadiy ikki turga bo'linadi: Xabar va Insho'.

The Murakkab Al-Isnaadiy is of two types: Khabar and Inshaa’.

"Xabar" – bu ma'nolardan biror aniq ma'noga ega bo'lgan narsa yoki masala haqidagi hukmdir. Bu fe'liy jumlada bo'lganidek: masalan, "Jaa'a Sa'iyd" (Sa'iyd keldi) desangiz, bunda kelish harakati Sa'iyd ga nisbat berilgan va "Jaa'a Sa'iyd" jumlasi ichida xabar berilgan, ya'ni xabar (hikoya) ta'minlangan bo'ladi.

The ‘Khabar’ is the Hukm (judgement) upon a thing or matter with a (particular) meaning from amongst the meanings. This is like what happens in the ‘Jumlah Al-Fi’liyah’ (Verbal sentence) like if you said: ‘Jaa’a Sa’eed’ (Sa’eed came). In this example the coming has been attributed to Sa’eed and it was informed about (i.e. Khabar (news) was provided) within the sentence ‘Jaa’a Sa’eed’.

Bu xuddi jumlah ismiyya (ism bilan boshlanadigan gap) holatidagi kabi, masalan: "Sa'eed Mujtahid" (Sa'eed mehnatkash). Bu yerda ijtihod (mehnat/tirishqoqlik) "Sa'eed Mujtahid" gapida Sa'eedga nisbat berilgan.

It is also like what occurs in respect to the Jumlah Al-Ismiyah (Sentence beginning with a noun) like in the statement: ‘Sa’eed Mujtahid’ (Sa’eed is hardworking). Here the Ijtihaad (hard work/diligence) is attributed to Sa’eed in the sentence: ‘Sa’eed Mijtahid’.