An-Naskhning turlari
Types of An-Naskh (Abrogation)
1 – Hukmni almashtirishsiz yoki o‘rnini bosmasdan naskh qilish:
1 – The Naskh (abrogation) of the Hukm without replacement or substitution:
Alloh Ta'olo aytdi:
Allah Ta’Aalaa said:
Ey iymon keltirganlar, Rasul bilan shaxsiy maslahatlashmoqchi bo'lsangiz, maslahatingizdan oldin sadaqa bering.
O you who have believed, when you [wish to] privately consult the Messenger, present a charity before your consultation (Al-Mujaadilah 12).
Ushbu hukm, ya'ni Payg'ambar bilan shaxsiy maslahatlashishdan oldin sadaqa berish, quyidagi oyat bilan mansux qilindi:
This Hukm, which was the presentation of Sadaqah before meeting the Messenger for private consultation, was abrogated by the following Aayah:
Siz shaxsiy maslahatlashuvingiz (u bilan) oldidan sadaqa berishdan qo'rqyapsizmi? Agar shunday qilmasangiz va Alloh sizni kechirgan bo'lsa, u holda (hech bo'lmaganda) namozni ado eting, zakot bering va Allohga hamda Uning Rasulига itoat eting. Alloh qilayotgan ishlaringizdan xabardordir. {Al-Mujodila, 13}
Are you afraid of spending in charity before your private consultation (with him)? If then you do it not, and Allah has forgiven you, then (at least) perform As Salat and give Zakat and obey Allah and his Messenger. And Allah is All Aware of what you do (Al-Mujaadilah 13
2 – Hukmning (yangi) Hukmga naskh qilinishi, u (avvalgisi)dan yengilroq bo‘lgan holda:
2 – The Naskh (abrogation) of the Hukm to a (new) Hukm that is lighter than it:
Mansux (bekor qilingan) hukm: Jang paytida o'nta dushman oldida sobit turgan (musulmonlardan) bir kishi haqida. Alloh Taolo aytadi:
The Mansookh (abrogated) Hukm: One (of the Muslims) standing firm in the face of ten enemies when fighting. Allah Ta’Aalaa said:
Agar sizlardan yigirma nafar sabr-toqatli bo'lsa, ular ikki yuz nafarni yengadilar. {Agar sizlardan yigirma nafar sabrli bo'lsa, ikki yuzni yengadilar} (Al-Anfol, 65)
If there are twenty steadfast from you then you will overcome two hundred (Al Anfaal 65)
Nāsikh (bekor qiluvchi) hukm: Jang paytida ikki dushman oldida qat'iy turgan musulmonlardan biri. Alloh Taolo aytadi:
The Naasikh (abrogating) Hukm: One of the Muslims standing firm in the face of two enemies when engaged in battle. Allah Ta’Aalaa said:
Endi Alloh sizlardan yengillik berdi va sizlarda zaiflik borligini bilib oldi. Agar sizlardan yuz nafar sabr-toqatli bo‘lsa, ular ikki yuz nafarni yengadi (Anfol, 66).
Now Allah has lightened for you and He has known that there is weakness amongst you. So if there are one hundred from you who are steadfast they will overcome two hundred (Al-Anfaal 66).
3 – Hukmning o‘xshash boshqa hukm bilan naskhi: Mansux hukm (bekor qilingan hukm): Payg‘ambar ﷺ ning buyrug‘iga ko‘ra namozda qiblani Quddus tomon yo‘naltirish.
3 – The Naskh of a Hukm to a Hukm that is comparable to it: The Mansookh (abrogated Hukm): Directing the prayer in the direction of Al-Quds due to the command of the Messenger of Allah (saw).
Nosixlik (bekor qiluvchi) hukm: Namozni Ka’baga qaratish.
The Naasikh (abrogating) Hukm: Directing the prayer towards the Ka’bah.
Alloh Ta'olo aytdi:
Allah Ta’Aalaa said:
Darhaqiqat, biz sening yuzingning osmonga qarab turganini ko'rmoqdamiz. Endi seni rozi bo'ladigan qiblaga burmoqdamiz. Shunday ekan, yuzingni Masjidi Haram tomon bur. Qayerda bo'lsangiz ham, namozda yuzlaringizni o'shanga buringlar.
We have certainly seen the turning of your face, [O Muhammad], toward the heaven, and We will surely turn you to a Qiblah with which you will be pleased. So turn your face toward al-Masjid al-Haram. And wherever you [believers] are, turn your faces toward it [in prayer] (Al-Baqarah 144).
4 - Hukmning, undan qattiqroq hukmga naskhi:
4 - The Naskh of a Hukm to a Hukm that is more severe:
Mansookh (bekor qilingan) hukm: Zoniyni koyish va uni uyda qamab qo‘yish, Allohning quyidagi qavli bo‘yicha:
The Mansookh (abrogated) Hukm: Reprimanding the Zaani and confining them to house arrest as taken from His Qawl Ta’Aalaa:
Sizning ayollaringizdan fahsh ish qilganlarga qarshi o‘zlaringizdan to‘rt kishini guvohlikka keltiringlar. Agar ular guvohlik bersalar, ularni o‘limlari yetguncha yoki Alloh ular uchun boshqa yo‘l belgilaguncha uylarda qamab qo‘yinglar. Ichingizdan shu ishni qilgan ikki kishiga esa, ularni ikkalasini ham jazolanglar. Agar ular tavba qilib, o‘zlarini tuzatsalar, ularni tinch qo‘yinglar. Albatta, Alloh tavbalarni qabul qiluvchi va rahmli zotdir (An-Niso, 15-16).
Those who commit unlawful sexual intercourse of your women - bring against them four [witnesses] from among you. And if they testify, confine the guilty women to houses until death takes them or Allah ordains for them [another] way. And the two who commit it among you, punish them both. But if they repent and correct themselves, leave them alone. Indeed, Allah is ever Accepting of repentance and Merciful (An-Nisaa’ 15-16).
Nasix (bekor qiluvchi) hukm: Muhsan bo'lmagan (uylangan emas) zinokorni yuz darra bilan urish, bu hukm Allohning Taolo qavlidan olingan:
The Naasikh (abrogating) Hukm: Lashing the non-Muhsin (married) with one hundred lashes which is taken from the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
Zino qilgan bo'ydoq ayol yoki bo'ydoq erkakning har biriga yuz darra uring. Ularga bo'lgan rahm-shafqat sizni Allohning farz qilgan hukmini ijro etishdan to'xtatmasin (An-Nur, 2).
The [unmarried] woman or [unmarried] man found guilty of sexual intercourse - lash each one of them with a hundred lashes, and let not any pity for them restrain you in regard to a matter prescribed by Allah (An-Noor 2).