21.2 Perbelanjaan Bait ul-Mal - Sistem Ekonomi Islam | Quran Course

21.2 Perbelanjaan Bait ul-Mal - Sistem Ekonomi Islam | Quran Course

3. Perbelanjaan yang wajib dibayar daripada Perbendaharaan melalui "Badal", iaitu ganti rugi atau elaun, bermakna dana itu berhutang kepada orang yang telah memberikan khidmat kepada Negara; mereka mengambil wang sebagai balasan bagi khidmat mereka, seperti gaji tentera, penjawat awam, hakim, guru dan seumpamanya. Oleh itu, pembayaran sedemikian juga tidak bergantung kepada ketersediaan. Ini adalah hak yang mesti ditunaikan tanpa mengira ada atau tidaknya dana, iaitu sama ada wang itu tersedia dalam Perbendaharaan atau tidak. Jika dana tersedia, ia hendaklah dibayar dengan segera; jika tidak tersedia, Negara wajib menyediakannya dengan mengambil apa sahaja yang diperlukan daripada kaum Muslimin. Jika dikhuatiri bahawa penangguhan pembayaran akan menyebabkan kesusahan yang serius, Negara hendaklah meminjam wang itu dengan segera, sementara menunggu kutipan daripada kaum Muslimin, dan kemudian membayarnya semula. Jika tidak dikhuatiri akan berlaku kesusahan, maka prinsip: "Ia ditangguhkan sehingga tiba masa senang" akan terpakai. Oleh itu, pembayaran akan ditangguhkan sehingga dana dikutip, dan kemudian dibayar kepada mereka yang layak.

3. The expenditures which are due upon the Treasury by way of “Badal” i.e. recompense or allowance, meaning that the funds are owed to people who rendered a service to the State, they took money for their services; such as the salaries of soldiers, civil servants, judges, teachers and the like. Hence, such payments are also not subject to availability. These are rights that must be fulfilled regardless of availability or scarcity i.e. whether the funds were available in the Treasury or not. If the funds are available, they should be paid immediately; if they are not available, the State would be obliged to make them available by taking whatever is needed from the Muslims. If it is feared that a serious hardship would be caused by delaying the payment, the State should borrow the money at once, pending its collection from the Muslims and then pay it back. If it were not feared that a hardship would be caused, then the principle: “It is delayed to the time of ease” would apply. Hence, payment would be deferred until the funds are levied and then they would be paid to those eligible.

4. Perbelanjaan yang wajib ditanggung oleh Perbendaharaan, dan yang pembayarannya wajib dibuat atas dasar "Maslaha", iaitu kebajikan, dan "Irfaq", iaitu utiliti awam, tetapi tanpa balasan; dengan kata lain, pembayaran itu dibelanjakan untuk pelbagai utiliti tanpa sebarang pulangan atau hasil, seperti jalan raya, perkhidmatan air, masjid, sekolah, hospital dan mana-mana utiliti lain yang seumpamanya, yang ketersediaannya dianggap satu keperluan dan ketiadaannya akan menyebabkan kesusahan kepada Ummah. Oleh itu, pembayaran bagi utiliti-utiliti ini tidak bergantung kepada ketersediaan dana. Sebaliknya, ia merupakan tanggungan yang wajib, sama ada wang tersedia atau tidak. Maka, jika wang tersedia dalam Perbendaharaan, ia hendaklah dibelanjakan untuk utiliti-utiliti ini; dan jika tidak tersedia dalam Perbendaharaan, tanggungjawab itu beralih kepada Ummah; dengan itu, apa sahaja yang diperlukan bagi projek-projek sedemikian dari segi kewangan akan dikutip daripada Ummah untuk menampung kos, kemudian Perbendaharaan akan membelanjakannya bagi projek-projek ini. Ini kerana sebarang perbelanjaan atas dasar kebajikan tanpa pulangan, dan yang ketiadaan pembayarannya akan menyebabkan kesusahan, merupakan perbelanjaan yang mengikat sama ada dana tersedia atau tidak. Jika wang tersedia dalam Perbendaharaan, menjadi kewajipan ke atas Negara untuk membelanjakan bagi utiliti-utiliti ini, dan kewajipan itu gugur daripada orang Islam; tetapi jika tidak tersedia, maka tanggungjawab terletak atas mereka untuk menyediakannya kepada Perbendaharaan, dan akibatnya ia menjadi perbelanjaan wajib ke atas Perbendaharaan.

4. The expenditures that are due on the Treasury, and whose payments are due by way of “Maslaha” i.e. welfare and “Irfaq” i.e. public utilities, however without recompense; in other words the payments are spent on a host of utilities without any returns or revenues, such as roads, water services, mosques, schools, hospitals and any other similar utility whose availability is considered a necessity and whose non availability would cause hardship to the Ummah. Hence, the payment for these utilities is not subject to availability of funds. Rather they are an obligatory liability regardless of availability or scarcity. So, if the cash were available to the Treasury, it should be then spent on these utilities; and if it were not available in the Treasury, the onus would be shifted to the Ummah; thus whatever is required for such projects in terms of finance would be collected from the Ummah in order to meet the costs, then the Treasury would spend on these projects. This is because any expenditure by way of welfare and without a return, and whose non-payment would cause a hardship would be a binding expenditure whether the funds are available or not. If the cash was available to the Treasury, it becomes a duty upon the State to spend on these utilities and the duty would be waived off the Muslims, But if it was not available, then the onus would be on them to provide it for the Treasury and consequently it becomes a compulsory expenditure on the Treasury.