9.3 نحن الأحدث والأعظم (الكلمات الأخيرة المشهورة)
9.3 We Are The Latest And Greatest (famous Last Words)
الحداثة والقرآن
Modernity and the Quran
أحد الدوافع الرئيسية للتقدمية الأخلاقية هو الإيمان بالتقدم العلمي. فإذا كانت معرفتنا بالعلم والتكنولوجيا قد تقدمت كثيرًا في العصر الحديث، فمن المنطقي أن نستنتج أننا كحضارة قد تقدمنا أخلاقيًا أيضًا، وأن معرفتنا الأخلاقية أرقى من معرفة الشعوب السابقة. وليس هذا المنطق جديدًا، بل إن كل الحضارات الكبرى آمنت به عن نفسها، وهو تصور يعارضه القرآن معارضة صريحة حين يأمرنا بالنظر في آثار الحضارات الماضية وخرابها، تلك التي هلكت رغم إنجازاتها التقنية العظيمة بسبب استكبارها وتمردها على الله ورسله. بل يذهب القرآن أبعد من ذلك، فلا يكتفي بالقول إنكم مخطئون حين تظنون أن قوتكم وإنجازكم التقني يعني الاستقامة والتفوق الأخلاقي، بل يقول إنكم مخطئون أيضًا حين تظنون أنكم أقوى حضارة وأكثرها تقدمًا في التاريخ، فقد كان هناك من هو أشد منكم قوة وأكثر عددًا وأعظم أثرًا في الأرض.
One of the main drivers of moral progressivism is the belief in scientific progress. If our knowledge of science and technology has advanced so much in the modern era, then it stands to reason that we as a civilization have also advanced morally, that our moral knowledge also is superior to that of peoples in the past. This line of reasoning is not new. It is something all major civilizations have believed of themselves, and it is a mindset that is directly opposed in the Quran when Allah tells us to look at the remnants and ruins of past civilizations who, despite their great technical achievements, were destroyed for their arrogance and rebellion against God and His messengers. In fact, the Quran goes further than this by saying, not only are you wrong for being arrogant in thinking that your strength and technical achievement translates to rectitude and moral superiority, but you are also wrong for thinking that you are the strongest and most technically advanced civilization of history. There were others greater in strength, numbers, and impact on the land.
أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَنظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ وَكَانُوا أَشَدَّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً
“Have they not traveled through the land and observed how was the end of those before them? And they were greater than them in power.”
فاطر (القرآن ٣٥:٤٤)
Fatir (Q35:44)
أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَنظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ كَانُوا أَشَدَّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً وَآثَارًا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَأَخَذَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِذُنُوبِهِمْ ۖ وَمَا كَانَ لَهُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ مِن وَاقٍ
“Have they not traveled through the land and observed how was the end of those who were before them? They were greater than them in strength and in impression on the land, but Allah seized them for their sins. And they had not from Allah any protector.”
غافر (٤٠:٢١)
Ghafir (Q40:21)
أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَنْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَأَشَدَّ قُوَّةً وَآثَارًا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَمَا أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ
“Have they not traveled through the land and observed how was the end of those before them? They were more numerous than themselves and greater in strength and in impression on the land, but they were not availed by what they used to earn.”
غافر (البقرة ٤٠:٨٢)
Ghafir (Q40:82)
أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَنظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ كَانُوا أَشَدَّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً وَأَثَارُوا الْأَرْضَ وَعَمَرُوهَا أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا عَمَرُوهَا وَجَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُم بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ ۖ فَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَٰكِن كَانُوا أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ
“Have they not traveled through the earth and observed how was the end of those before them? They were greater than them in power, and they plowed the earth and built it up more than they have built it up, and their messengers came to them with clear evidences. And Allah would not ever have wronged them, but they were wronging themselves.”
الروم (القرآن ٣٠:٩)
Ar-Rum (Q30:9)
نَرْفَعُ دَرَجَاتٍ مَّن نَّشَاءُ ۗ وَفَوْقَ كُلِّ ذِي عِلْمٍ عَلِيمٌ
“We raise in degrees whom We will, but over every possessor of knowledge is one [more] knowing.”
يوسف (س ١٢:٧٦)
Yusuf (Q12:76)
قد نتساءل عما إذا كانت هناك حضارات سابقة أكثر تقدمًا من الناحية التقنية من حضارتنا اليوم، والعلم عند الله وحده. ولا ينبغي أن نفترض تلقائيًا أنه لم تكن هناك. والأهم من ذلك أنه لا ينبغي أن نحكم على قيم أمة بمدى «حداثتها»، بل بمدى موافقتها التامة لما جاء به الرسول الأخير ﷺ.
We might wonder whether there were past civilizations that were more technically advanced than ours today. Only Allah knows. We shouldn’t automatically assume that there weren’t. More importantly, we should not judge a people’s values by how “modern” they are but by how completely they accord with what the last Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم has brought.