战争部负责与陆军和警察部队相关的一切事务，包括条约、任务、军事装备及类似事项。该部还负责军事院校、远征，以及军队所需的伊斯兰文化和一般文化知识，同时负责与战争及其准备相关的一切事务。该部门的负责人被称为“圣战长官”。

The War Department is in charge of all the affairs connected to the armed forces of the Army and police, and the treaties, tasks, military equipment and similar. They are also responsible for the military colleges, expeditions and everything that is necessary from the Islamic culture and the general culture necessary for the Army, as well as everything connected to war and its preparation, and the head of this department is called the Amir of Jihad.

战争部是国家的机构之一,其负责人被称为"圣战埃米尔",而不是"圣战经理"。这是因为先知(愿主福安之)曾称呼军队的指挥官为"Umara'"(埃米尔们)。伊本·萨阿德传述,安拉的使者(愿主福安之)说道:

The war department is one of the State’s institutions, and its head is called the Amir of Jihad, rather than the manager of Jihad. This is because the Messenger (pbuh) used to call the leaders of the Army Umara’. Ibn Sa’d narrated that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said.

. أَمِيرُ النَّاسِ زَيْدُ بن حَارِثَةَ، فَإِنْ قُتِلَ فَجَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فَإِنْ قُتِلَ فَ عَبْدُ « » اللَّهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ، فَإِنْ قُتِلَ فَ لْيَ رْتَضِ المُسْلِمُونَ بَ يْ نَ هُمْ رَجُلاً فَ يَجْعَلُوهُ عَلَيْهِمْ .

. أَمِيرُ النَّاسِ زَيْدُ بن حَارِثَةَ، فَإِنْ قُتِلَ فَجَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فَإِنْ قُتِلَ فَ عَبْدُ « » اللَّهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ، فَإِنْ قُتِلَ فَ لْيَ رْتَضِ المُسْلِمُونَ بَ يْ نَ هُمْ رَجُلاً فَ يَجْعَلُوهُ عَلَيْهِمْ .

“众人的领袖（埃米尔）是栽德·本·哈里哲；如果他被杀，那么埃米尔是哲尔法尔·本·阿比·塔利卜；如果他也被杀，那么埃米尔是阿卜杜拉·本·鲁瓦哈；如果他也被杀，就让穆斯林从他们中间推选一人，立他为他们的埃米尔。”布哈里记载，阿卜杜拉·本·欧麦尔（愿真主喜悦他）说：

“The leader (Amir) of the people is Zayd Ibn Haritha; if killed, then the Amir is Ja’far Ibn Abi Talib; and killed, the Amir is ’Abdullah Ibn Ruwahah; and if he was killed, let Muslims choose one man from among them and make him their Amir”. Al-Bukhari narrated that ’Abdullah Ibn Umar (ra) said:

. »... فِي غَزْوَةِ مُؤْتَةَ زَيْدَ بْنَ حَارِثَة أَمَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ « .

. »... فِي غَزْوَةِ مُؤْتَةَ زَيْدَ بْنَ حَارِثَة أَمَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ « .

“真主的使者（愿主福安之）任命宰德·本·哈里萨为穆塔远征的指挥官……”以及布哈里从赛莱麦·本·艾克瓦尔处传述道：

“The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) appointed Zayd Ibn Haritha as Amir in the expedition of Mu’ta…” and Al-Bukhari narrated from Salamah b. Al-Akwa’:

» وَغَزَوْتُ مَعَ زَيْدٍ، وَكَانَ يُؤَمِّرُهُ عَلَيْنَا «。“我与栽德一同出征，他被任命为我们的埃米尔。” 布哈里和穆斯林记载，阿卜杜拉·伊本·欧麦尔（愿真主喜悦他）说：

. » وَغَزَوْتُ مَعَ زَيْدٍ، وَكَانَ ي ؤَُمِّ رُهُ عَلَيْ نَا « . “I went on an expedition with Zayd; he was appointed Amir over us”. Al-Bukhari and Muslim narrated that ’Abdullah Ibn Umar (ra) said:

. بَ عْثًا وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، فَطَعَنَ بَ عْضُ النَّاسِ فِي بَ عَثَ النَّبِيُّ « أَنْ تَطْعُنُوا فِي إِمَارَتِهِ فَ قَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَطْعُنُونَ فِي إِمَارَةِ أَبِيهِ مِنْ : إِمَارَتِهِ، فَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ »... قَ بْلُ، وَايْمُ اللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَخَلِيقًا لِلإِمَارَة .

. بَ عْثًا وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، فَطَعَنَ بَ عْضُ النَّاسِ فِي بَ عَثَ النَّبِيُّ « أَنْ تَطْعُنُوا فِي إِمَارَتِهِ فَ قَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَطْعُنُونَ فِي إِمَارَةِ أَبِيهِ مِنْ : إِمَارَتِهِ، فَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ »... قَ بْلُ، وَايْمُ اللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَخَلِيقًا لِلإِمَارَة .

先知ﷺ派遣了一支军队,任命乌萨马·本·宰德为指挥官。有人批评(非议)乌萨马的领导。于是安拉的使者ﷺ站起来说:"如果你们在批评乌萨马的领导,那么你们之前也曾批评过他父亲的领导。以安拉发誓,他(即宰德)是配得领导之位的。"圣门弟子——愿安拉喜悦他们——称穆塔之役的军队为"众首领之军"。穆斯林在圣训集中记载,布赖达传述说……

“The Prophet (phuh) sent an army detachment and made Usama bin Zaid its commander. Some people criticized (spoke badly of) Usama's leadership. So Allah's Prophet (phuh) got up and said, "If you people are criticizing Usama's leadership, you have already criticized the leadership of his father before. But Waaimullah (i.e., By Allah), he (i.e. Zaid) deserved leadership” The companions, may Allah be pleased with them, used to call the Army of Mu’tah the Army of Umara’. Muslim narrated from Buraydah who said:

. »... إِذَا أَمَّرَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى جَيْشٍ أَوْ سَرِيَّةٍ أَوْصَاه كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ « .

. »... إِذَا أَمَّرَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى جَيْشٍ أَوْ سَرِيَّةٍ أَوْصَاه كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ « .

每当使者ﷺ任命某人为军队或小分队的指挥官时，他都会特别地嘱咐他。

“Whenever the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) appointed anyone as a leader of an army or detachement, he would especially exhort him”.

战争部负责处理本条所述与武装力量相关的一切事务。派遣间谍刺探好战的不信道者，也属于战争部的职责，为此专门设立了一个部门。这方面的证据在先知（愿主赐福并平安）的生平中广为人知：

The war department takes charge of all the issues connected to the armed force as mentioned in the article. The task of sending spies against the belligerent disbelievers is also the role of the war department and a special section is created for this purpose. The evidences for this are well known from the life of the Messenger (pbuh) :

关于"预定论即真主之言"的证据。

The evidences for preparation being the words of Allah (swt).

“你们要为他们准备你们所能准备的一切力量和战马，借以威慑安拉的敌人和你们的敌人，以及你们所不知道而安拉知道的其他人。你们为安拉的事业所施舍的，必定会全部还给你们，你们不会受到亏枉。”（TMQ 8:60）

“And prepare against them whatever you are able of power and of steeds of war by which you may terrify the enemy of Allah and your enemy and others besides them whom you do not know [but] whom Allah knows. And whatever you spend in the cause of Allah will be fully repaid to you, and you will not be wronged.” (TMQ 8:60).

而伊本·萨德在《Al-Tabaqat》中转述了马克胡勒的记载……

And what was reported by Ibn Sa’d in Al-Tabaqat from Makhul..

. نَصَبَ المِنْجَنِيقَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الطَّائِفِ أَرْبَعِينَ يَ وْم اً" أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ « .

. نَصَبَ المِنْجَنِيقَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الطَّائِفِ أَرْبَعِينَ يَ وْم اً" أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ « .

先知（ﷺ）在塔伊夫的城墙前架设了投石机，持续了四十天。伊本·希沙姆在他的《先知传》中提到了此事。

“The Prophet (phuh) set up the ballista against the fortifications of Ta’if for forty days”. And Ibn Hisham mentioned in his Sirah.

. » أَوَّلُ مَنْ رَمَى فِي الإِسْلاَمِ بِالمِ نْجَنِيقِ حَدَّثَنِي مَنْ أَثِقُ بِهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ « .

. » أَوَّلُ مَنْ رَمَى فِي الإِسْلاَمِ بِالمِ نْجَنِيقِ حَدَّثَنِي مَنْ أَثِقُ بِهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ « .

“我可信赖的一位人士告诉我，真主的使者ﷺ是伊斯兰教中第一个使用投石机（弩炮）的人。”

“Someone I trust narrated to me that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was the first to use ballista in Islam”.

关于训练的证据：穆斯林（圣训辑录者）记载，ʿUqbah Bin Amir 说：我听见安拉的使者ﷺ在讲台上说。

The evidences for training: Muslim reported from ’Uqbah Bin Amir who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) say while on the pulpit.

“并为他们准备你们所能拥有的力量”——留意！力量就在于射箭，力量就在于射箭，力量就在于射箭。”布哈里从赛俩麦·本·阿克瓦尔处传述，他说：“你们要射箭！”

“And prepare against them whatever you are able of power” – Beware, strength consists in (reside or lie) archery, strength consists in iarchery, strength consists in archery”. Al- Bukhari reported from Salama Bin Al-Akwa’ who said ارْمُوا :

. عَلَى ن فََرٍ مِنْ أَسْلَمَ يَ نْتَضِلُونَ، فَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ مَرَّ النَّبِيُّ « بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَإِنَّ أَبَاكُمْ كَانَ رَامِيًا، ارْمُوا وَأَنَا مَعَ بَنِي فُلاَنٍ، قَالَ: فَأَمْسَكَ أَحَدُ مَا لَكُمْ لاَ تَ رْمُونَ ؟ فَ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، : الْفَرِيقَيْنِ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ، فَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ » نَ رْمِي وَأَنْتَ مَعَهُمْ ؟ قَالَ: ارْمُوا وَأَنَا مَعَكُمْ كُلِّكُمْ .

. عَلَى ن فََرٍ مِنْ أَسْلَمَ يَ نْتَضِلُونَ، فَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ مَرَّ النَّبِيُّ « بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَإِنَّ أَبَاكُمْ كَانَ رَامِيًا، ارْمُوا وَأَنَا مَعَ بَنِي فُلاَنٍ، قَالَ: فَأَمْسَكَ أَحَدُ مَا لَكُمْ لاَ تَ رْمُونَ ؟ فَ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، : الْفَرِيقَيْنِ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ، فَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ » نَ رْمِي وَأَنْتَ مَعَهُمْ ؟ قَالَ: ارْمُوا وَأَنَا مَعَكُمْ كُلِّكُمْ .

“Bani Isma`il ! Practice archery as your father Isma`il was a great archer. Keep on throwing arrows and I am with Bani so-and-so." So one of the parties ceased throwing. Allah's Prophet (phuh) said, "Why do you not throw?" They replied, "How should we throw while you are with them (i.e. on their side)?" On that the Prophet (phuh) said , "Throw, and I am with all of you” And Muslim reported that: . أَنَّ فُ قَيْمًا اللَّخْمِيَّ قَالَ لِعُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ: تَخْتَل فُ بَ يْنَ هَذَيْنِ الْغَرَضَيْنِ وَأَنْتَ « لَمْ أُعَانِيهِ، قَالَ كَبِيرٌ يَشُقُّ عَلَيْكَ، قَالَ عُقْبَةُ: لَوْلاَ كَلاَمٌ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ الْحَارِثُ: فَ قُلْتُ لاِبْنِ شَمَاسَةَ: وَمَا ذَاكَ ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ عَلِمَ الرَّمْيَ ثُمَّ تَ رَكَهُ فَ لَيْسَ » مِنَّا، أَوْ قَدْ عَصَى .

“Bani Isma`il ! Practice archery as your father Isma`il was a great archer. Keep on throwing arrows and I am with Bani so-and-so." So one of the parties ceased throwing. Allah's Prophet (phuh) said, "Why do you not throw?" They replied, "How should we throw while you are with them (i.e. on their side)?" On that the Prophet (phuh) said , "Throw, and I am with all of you” And Muslim reported that: . أَنَّ فُ قَيْمًا اللَّخْمِيَّ قَالَ لِعُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ: تَخْتَل فُ بَ يْنَ هَذَيْنِ الْغَرَضَيْنِ وَأَنْتَ « لَمْ أُعَانِيهِ، قَالَ كَبِيرٌ يَشُقُّ عَلَيْكَ، قَالَ عُقْبَةُ: لَوْلاَ كَلاَمٌ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ الْحَارِثُ: فَ قُلْتُ لاِبْنِ شَمَاسَةَ: وَمَا ذَاكَ ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ عَلِمَ الرَّمْيَ ثُمَّ تَ رَكَهُ فَ لَيْسَ » مِنَّا، أَوْ قَدْ عَصَى .

"Fuqaim Al- Lakhmi" said to Uqba b. Amir: You frequent between these two targets and you are an old man, so you will be finding it very hard. 'Uqba said: But for a thing I heard from the Holy Prophet (phuh) (may peace be upon him), I would not strain myself. Harith (one of the narrators in the chain of transmitters) said: I asked Ibn Shamasa: What was that? He said that he (the Holy Prophet (phuh)) said: Who learnt archery and then gave it up is not from us. or he has been guilty of disobedience (to Allah's Prophet (phuh) )”. Translation: Fuqaim Al-Lakhmi 对 Uqba b. Amir 说:你来回于这两个靶子之间,而你已是老人,所以你会觉得非常吃力。'Uqba 说:若不是因为我从圣先知(phuh)(愿主赐予他平安)那里听到的一件事,我是不会如此勉强自己的。Harith(传述链中的一位传述人)说:我问 Ibn Shamasa:那是什么事?他说,先知(phuh)ﷺ曾说:“学习射箭之后又将其放弃的人,不是我们中的人。”或者说:“他已犯下了违抗的罪过(违抗安拉之先知(phuh)ﷺ)。”

“Fuqaim Al- Lakhmi said to Uqba b. Amir: You frequent between these two targets and you are an old man, so you will be finding it very hard. 'Uqba said: But for a thing I heard from the Holy Prophet (phuh) (may peace be upon him), I would not strain myself. Harith (one of the narrators in the chain of transmitters) said: I asked Ibn Shamasa: What was that? He said that he (the Holy Prophet (phuh)) said: Who learnt archery and then gave it up is not from us. or he has been guilty of disobedience (to Allah's Prophet (phuh) )”.

而阿布·达乌德记录了一则圣训,经哈基姆认证、宰哈卜确认,其措辞采用阿布·达乌德的版本,传述自哈立德·本·宰德,他说:我过去常与欧盖白·本·阿米尔比箭。有一天他经过我身边,说:哈立德,出来和我们一起射箭。我却迟疑了。他说:哈立德,过来,我要告诉你一件安拉的使者ﷺ对我说过的事,我会照安拉的使者ﷺ所说的原话转述:

And Abu Dawud reported a narration that Al-Hakim authenticated and Al-Dhahabi confirmed – with the wording from Abu Dawud – from Khalid b. Zayd who said: I used to shoot against ’Uqbah b. ’Amir, and so he passed by me that day and said: O Khalid, come out with us to shoot, and so I delayed. He said: O Khalid, come, I will tell you something that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) told me, and I will say it as the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said:

. إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يُدْخِلُ بِالسَّهْمِ الْوَاحِدِ ثَلاَثَةَ نَ فَرٍ الْجَنَّةَ: صَانِعَهُ يَحْتَسِبُ « فِي صَنْ عَتِهِ الْخَيْ رَ، وَالرَّامِيَ بِهِ، وَمُنْبِلَهُ، وَارْمُوا وَارْكَبُوا، وَأَنْ تَ رْمُوا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ تَ رْكَبُوا، لَيْسَ مِنْ اللَّهْوِ إِلاَّ ثَلاَثٌ : تَأْدِيبُ الرَّجُلِ فَ رَسَهُ، وَمُلاعَبَتُهُ أَهْلَهُ، وَرَمْيُهُ بِقَوْسِهِ » وَنَ بْلِهِ، وَمَنْ تَ رَكَ الرَّمْيَ ب عَْدَ مَا عَلِمَهُ رَغْبَةً عَنْهُ فَإِن هََّا نِعْمَةٌ تَ رَكَهَا أَوْ قَالَ كَفَرَهَا .

. إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يُدْخِلُ بِالسَّهْمِ الْوَاحِدِ ثَلاَثَةَ نَ فَرٍ الْجَنَّةَ: صَانِعَهُ يَحْتَسِبُ « فِي صَنْ عَتِهِ الْخَيْ رَ، وَالرَّامِيَ بِهِ، وَمُنْبِلَهُ، وَارْمُوا وَارْكَبُوا، وَأَنْ تَ رْمُوا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ تَ رْكَبُوا، لَيْسَ مِنْ اللَّهْوِ إِلاَّ ثَلاَثٌ : تَأْدِيبُ الرَّجُلِ فَ رَسَهُ، وَمُلاعَبَتُهُ أَهْلَهُ، وَرَمْيُهُ بِقَوْسِهِ » وَنَ بْلِهِ، وَمَنْ تَ رَكَ الرَّمْيَ ب عَْدَ مَا عَلِمَهُ رَغْبَةً عَنْهُ فَإِن هََّا نِعْمَةٌ تَ رَكَهَا أَوْ قَالَ كَفَرَهَا .

"真主至高必因一支箭使三人入乐园：制箭者在制作时怀有善意的人，射箭者，以及递箭者。你们要射箭和骑马，但你们射箭比骑马更为我所爱。人所消遣的一切事物都是虚妄的，除了三样：人训练自己的马，与妻子嬉戏，以及用弓箭射箭。若有人在精通箭术之后因厌恶而放弃射箭，那便是他所舍弃的一种恩惠；或者他说：是他所忘恩负义的恩惠。"

“Allah, Most High, will cause three persons to enter Paradise for one arrow: the maker when he has a good motive in making it, the one who shoots it, and the one who hands it; so shoot and ride, but your shooting is dearer to me than your riding. Everything with which a man amuses himself is vain except three (things): a man's training of his horse, his playing with his wife, and his shooting with his bow and arrow. If anyone abandons archery after becoming an adept through distaste for it, it is a blessing he has abandoned; or he said: for which he has been ungrateful”.

关于军队必须接受培养的证据：安拉（SWT）在《忏悔》章中说：“安拉已经从信士们手中购买了他们的生命和财产，作为他们得乐园的代价。他们为安拉的事业而战，他们杀人，也被杀。这是安拉在《讨拉特》《引支勒》和《古兰经》中对自己许下的真实应许。有谁比安拉更忠于他的盟约呢？你们应当为所达成的这笔交易而欢喜，这正是伟大的成功。那些悔罪的人、崇拜的人、赞颂的人、为主道而旅行的人、鞠躬叩头的人、命人行善、禁人作恶、遵守安拉所定界限的人，你当向信士们报喜。”（《古兰经》9:111-112）安拉（SWT）并没有只以献出生命和财产就使人成为获得报喜者，而是further补充说，他们是悔罪者、崇拜者、斋戒者、礼拜者、命人行善禁人作恶、遵守安拉（SWT）所定界限的人，坚守其上，不逾越界限，而且要与这些界限保持安全的距离。安拉（SWT）说。

The evidence regarding the necessary culturing of the Army: Allah (swt) said in the chapter of Al-Tawba: “Indeed, Allah has purchased from the believers their lives and their properties [in exchange] for that they will have Paradise. They fight in the cause of Allah, so they kill and are killed. [It is] a true promise [binding] upon Him in the Torah and the Gospel and the Qur'an. And who is truer to his covenant than Allah? So rejoice in your transaction which you have contracted. And it is that which is the great attainment; [Such believers are] the repentant, the worshippers, the praisers [of Allah], the travelers [for His cause], those who bow and prostrate [in prayer], those who enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong, and those who observe the limits [set by] Allah. And give good tidings to the believers.” (TMQ 111-112). Allah (swt) did not make it sufficient to give one’s life and money to be from those who are given glad tidings, but rather added that they are repenters, worshippers, fasting, praying, enjoining the good and forbidding the evil and observing the limits set by Allah (swt), upright upon them and not transgressing them, rather there is a safe distance to kept away from them. Allah (swt) said.

“{信道的人们啊！你们应当坚忍，应当互相勉励坚忍，应当守望相助，应当敬畏真主，以便你们成功。}”（《古兰经》3:200）

“O you who have believed, persevere and endure and remain stationed and fear Allah that you may be successful.” (TMQ 3:200).

Al-Bukhari 和 Muslim 从 Sahl Bin Sa’d Al- Sa’idi 处传述：安拉的使者ﷺ说道。

Al-Bukhari and Muslim reported from Sahl Bin Sa’d Al- Sa’idi that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said.

"坚守边疆（例如为了安拉而守卫伊斯兰边境）一日，胜过今世及其中的一切。你们中某人在乐园中一个鞭子所占之处，胜过今世及其中的一切。为安拉的道路而奋斗，无论是在清晨还是傍晚出发，胜过今世及其中的一切。"

. "رِبَاطُ ي وَْمٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ خَيْ رٌ مِنْ الدُّنْ يَا وَمَا عَلَيْ هَا، وَمَوْضِ عُ سَ وْطِ أَحَدِكُمْ مِنْ الْجَ نَّةِ خَيْ رٌ مِنْ الدُّنْ يَا وَمَا عَلَيْ هَا، وَالرَّوْحَةُ يَ رُوحُهَا الْعَبْدُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، أَوْ الْغَدْوَةُ، خَيْ رٌ مِنْ الدُّنْ يَا وَمَا عَلَيْ هَا" . “Observing Ribat (e.g., guarding the Islamic frontier for the sake of Allah) for a single day is far better than the world and all that it contains. A place in Jannah as small as the whip of your horse is far better than the world and all that it contains. An endeavour (fighting) in the Cause of Allah in the evening or in the morning is far better than the world and all that it contains.".

据布哈里传述，阿卜杜拉·本·阿比·奥法说：安拉的使者ﷺ说道：

And Al-Bukhari reported from ’Abd Allah b. Abi ’Awfa that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said.

. "وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ تَحْتَ ظِلالِ السُّ يُوفِ ".

. "وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ تَحْتَ ظِلالِ السُّ يُوفِ ".

“要知道，天堂就在刀剑的阴影之下。”

“Know that paradise lies under the shades of swords”.

布哈里（Al-Bukhari）记载，’Abd Al-Rahman b. Jabir 传述：安拉的使者ﷺ说道。

Al-Bukhari reported from ’Abd Al-Rahman b. Jabir that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said.

. "مَا اغْبَ رَّتْ قَدَمَا عَبْدٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَ تَمَسَّ هُ النَّارُ ".

. "مَا اغْبَ رَّتْ قَدَمَا عَبْدٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَ تَمَسَّ هُ النَّارُ ".

“（绝不会）因在安拉之道上（从事圣战）而沾满尘土的双脚，会被火所触及。”

“(never happen) that the feet soiled with dust while (doing Jihad) in the way of Allah will be touched by the fire”.

阿勒-哈基姆（Al-Hakim）记录了一段圣训，他认定其为真实可靠（sahih），阿勒-达哈比（Al-Dhahabi）也认同他的认定，据伊姆兰·本·侯赛因（’Imran b. Husayn）所传，安拉的使者ﷺ说：

Al-Hakim reported a narration which he authenticated, and Al-Dhahabi confirmed his authentication, from ’Imran b. Husayn that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said.

. "مَقَامُ الرَّجُلِ فِي الصَّفِّ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ أَفْضَلُ عِنْدَ اللهِ مِنْ عِبَادَةِ الرَّجُلِ سِتِّينَ سَنَة " .

. "مَقَامُ الرَّجُلِ فِي الصَّفِّ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ أَفْضَلُ عِنْدَ اللهِ مِنْ عِبَادَةِ الرَّجُلِ سِتِّينَ سَنَة " .

“人在为主道而战的行列中所处的位置，在真主看来，胜过他六十年的敬拜。”

The place of a man in the lines (fighting) in the Cause of Allah is better to Allah than sixty years of a his worship”.

布哈里传述，艾布·胡莱赖说：先知ﷺ说。

Al-Bukhari reported from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet (phuh) said.

. "إِنَّ فِي الْجَ نَّةِ مِائَةَ دَرَجَ ةٍ أَعَ دَّهَ ا اللَّهُ لِلْمُجَاهِدِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، مَا بَ يْنَ الدَّرَجَتَ يْنِ كَمَا بَ يْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالأَرْضِ " .

. "إِنَّ فِي الْجَ نَّةِ مِائَةَ دَرَجَ ةٍ أَعَ دَّهَ ا اللَّهُ لِلْمُجَاهِدِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، مَا بَ يْنَ الدَّرَجَتَ يْنِ كَمَا بَ يْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالأَرْضِ " .

“在乐园中有一百个等级，真主为那些为祂的事业而战的人预备了这些等级；其中任意两个等级之间的距离，犹如天与地之间的距离。”

“In Jannah there are a hundred grades which Allah has prepared for those who fight in His Cause; and the distance between any two of those grades is like the distance between the heaven and the earth”.

穆斯林（愿真主喜悦他）引述艾奈斯的话说： Note: the instructions say to keep "(Peace be upon him)" honorifics written in words as words, and the name "Muslim" likely refers to the compiler Imam Muslim; the original has no explicit honorific for Muslim, so I added only the translation of the given text. Final: 穆斯林圣训集的作者穆斯林引述艾奈斯的话说：

Muslim reported from Anas who said:

. قُومُوا إِلَى جَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا السَّمَوَاتُ : "فَدَنَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ، فَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَالأَرْضُ، قَالَ: يَ قُولُ عُمَيْ رُ بْنُ الْحُمَامِ الأَنْصَارِيُّ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، جَنَّةٌ عَرْضُهَا مَا يَحْمِلُكَ عَلَى : السَّمَوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ ؟ قَالَ: نَ عَمْ، قَالَ: بَخٍ بَخٍ، فَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ قَ وْلِكَ بَخٍ بَخٍ ؟ قَالَ لاَ وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِلاَّ رَجَاءَةَ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا، قَالَ: فَإِنَّكَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا، فَأَخْرَجَ تَمَرَاتٍ مِنْ قَ رَنِهِ فَجَعَلَ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ هُنَّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: لَئِنْ أَنَا حَيِيتُ حَ تَّى آكُلَ تَمَرَاتِي هَذِهِ إِن هََّا لَحَيَاةٌ طَوِيلَةٌ، قَالَ: فَ رَمَى بِمَا كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ التَّمْرِ ثُمَّ قَاتَ لَهُمْ حَ تَّى قُتِلَ " .

. قُومُوا إِلَى جَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا السَّمَوَاتُ : "فَدَنَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ، فَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَالأَرْضُ، قَالَ: يَ قُولُ عُمَيْ رُ بْنُ الْحُمَامِ الأَنْصَارِيُّ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، جَنَّةٌ عَرْضُهَا مَا يَحْمِلُكَ عَلَى : السَّمَوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ ؟ قَالَ: نَ عَمْ، قَالَ: بَخٍ بَخٍ، فَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ قَ وْلِكَ بَخٍ بَخٍ ؟ قَالَ لاَ وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِلاَّ رَجَاءَةَ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا، قَالَ: فَإِنَّكَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا، فَأَخْرَجَ تَمَرَاتٍ مِنْ قَ رَنِهِ فَجَعَلَ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ هُنَّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: لَئِنْ أَنَا حَيِيتُ حَ تَّى آكُلَ تَمَرَاتِي هَذِهِ إِن هََّا لَحَيَاةٌ طَوِيلَةٌ، قَالَ: فَ رَمَى بِمَا كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ التَّمْرِ ثُمَّ قَاتَ لَهُمْ حَ تَّى قُتِلَ " .

“当多神教徒逼近时,安拉的使者ﷺ说:‘你们起来,奔向与天地一样广阔的乐园吧。’欧迈尔·本·哈姆慕(愿安拉喜悦他)问:‘乐园真的与天地一样广阔吗?’安拉的使者ﷺ肯定地回答。欧迈尔说:‘太好了!’安拉的使者ﷺ问他,是什么促使他这样说。他回答:‘没有什么,安拉的使者啊!只是希望自己能成为乐园的居民之一。’安拉的使者ﷺ说:‘你一定会成为他们中的一员。’欧迈尔随后从箭囊中取出一些枣子吃起来,但过了不久他说:‘如果我能活到吃完这些枣子,那将是漫长的一生。’于是他扔掉了身上剩下的枣子,然后与敌人战斗,直到被杀。” 鼓励参战的证据:安拉(SWT)说:

“When the polytheists came near, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) (PBUH) said, "Now stand up and proceed towards Jannah which is as wide as are the heavens and the earth." 'Umair bin Al-Humam (May Allah be pleased with him) asked: "Is Jannah as wide as are the heaven and the earth?" The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) replied in the affirmative. 'Umair remarked: "Great!" The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) asked him what had urged him to say so. He replied: "Nothing, O Messenger of Allah! But hope that I might become one of the inhabitants of Jannah." The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, "You will definitely be among them." 'Umair then took some dates out of his quiver and began to eat them, but after a short time he said: "If I survive till I eat my dates, it will mean a long life." So he threw away the dates which he had with him and then fought with the enemy till he was killed.” The evidence of encouragement to fight: Allah (swt) said.

“所以你要为主道而战，你只为自己负责。你当激励信士们（参加战斗），或许真主会制止那些不信者的威力。真主的威力更大，惩罚也更严厉。”（《古兰经》4:84）。至尊的真主又说。

“So fight, [O Muhammad], in the cause of Allah; you are not held responsible except for yourself. And encourage the believers [to join you] that perhaps Allah will restrain the [military] might of those who disbelieve. And Allah is greater in might and stronger in [exemplary] punishment.” (TMQ 4:84). And He (swt) said.

“啊，先知！你要激励信士们去战斗。如果你们中间有二十个坚忍的人，他们将战胜两百人；如果你们中间有一百个坚忍的人，他们将战胜一千名不信道的人，因为他们是不懂道理的民众。”（TMQ 8:65）

“O Prophet (phuh), urge the believers to battle. If there are among you twenty [who are] steadfast, they will overcome two hundred. And if there are among you one hundred [who are] steadfast, they will overcome a thousand of those who have disbelieved because they are a people who do not understand.” (TMQ 8:65).

伊本·伊斯哈格传述说：

Ibn Ishaq reported saying:

. إِلَى النَّاسِ فَحَرَّضَهُمْ وَقَالَ: وَالَّذِي نَ فْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ "ثُمَّ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ بِيَدِهِ، لاَ ي قَُاتِلُهُمُ اليَ وْمَ رَجُلٌ فَ يُ قْتَلُ صَابِراً مُحْتَسِباً مُقْبِلاً غَيْ رَ مُدْبِرٍ إِلاَّ أَدْخَلَهُ الل هُ الْجَ نَّةَ ... " .

. إِلَى النَّاسِ فَحَرَّضَهُمْ وَقَالَ: وَالَّذِي نَ فْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ "ثُمَّ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ بِيَدِهِ، لاَ ي قَُاتِلُهُمُ اليَ وْمَ رَجُلٌ فَ يُ قْتَلُ صَابِراً مُحْتَسِباً مُقْبِلاً غَيْ رَ مُدْبِرٍ إِلاَّ أَدْخَلَهُ الل هُ الْجَ نَّةَ ... " .

“于是，安拉的使者ﷺ走出去面对众人，激励（鼓舞）他们说：以掌握穆罕默德灵魂的那位发誓，今天谁战斗并忍耐着被杀（殉教），期望安拉的赏赐，并且奋勇向前、不退缩，安拉必使他进入乐园。”

“Then the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) went out to the people and incited (encouraged) them by saying: By the One who the soul of Muhammad is in His Hand, he who fights today and is killed (martyred) maintaining patience, expecting reward from Allah, and attacking and not retreating, then Allah will cause him to enter Paradise”.

艾哈迈德以可靠的传述链，引述艾布·胡莱赖ionally说道： Wait, I must be careful: the name is "Abu Hurayrah" which in Chinese is 艾布·胡莱赖ah. Correct rendering: 艾哈迈德以可信的传述系统，引述艾布·胡莱赖（愿安拉喜悦他）的话，他说：

Ahmad reported with an authentic chain from Abu Hurayrah who said:

. "... فَ نَظَرَ فَ رَآنِي فَ قَالَ: يَا أَبَا هُرَيْ رَةَ، فَ قُلْتُ: لَبَّ يْكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ فَ قَالَ: اهْتِفْ لِي بِالأَنْصَارِ وَلاَ يَأْتِينِي إِلاَّ أَنْصَارِ ي، فَ هَتَ فْتُ بِهِمْ فَجَاءُوا، فَأَطَافُوا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَ قَالَ: تَ رَوْنَ إِلَى أَوْ بَاشِ قُ رَيْشٍ وَأَتْ بَاعِهِمْ ؟ ثُمَّ قَ الَ بِيَدَيْهِ إِحْ دَاهُ مَ ا عَلَى الأُخْرَى: حَصْدًا حَتَّى تُ وَافُونِي بِالصَّفَا ... " .

. "... فَ نَظَرَ فَ رَآنِي فَ قَالَ: يَا أَبَا هُرَيْ رَةَ، فَ قُلْتُ: لَبَّ يْكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ فَ قَالَ: اهْتِفْ لِي بِالأَنْصَارِ وَلاَ يَأْتِينِي إِلاَّ أَنْصَارِ ي، فَ هَتَ فْتُ بِهِمْ فَجَاءُوا، فَأَطَافُوا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَ قَالَ: تَ رَوْنَ إِلَى أَوْ بَاشِ قُ رَيْشٍ وَأَتْ بَاعِهِمْ ؟ ثُمَّ قَ الَ بِيَدَيْهِ إِحْ دَاهُ مَ ا عَلَى الأُخْرَى: حَصْدًا حَتَّى تُ وَافُونِي بِالصَّفَا ... " .

“……于是他看见了我，说：‘哦，艾布·胡莱赖。’我说：‘我在，我在，安拉的使者。’他说：‘把安萨尔（辅士）叫到我这里来，除了他们之外，不要让任何人来见我。’我便去召唤他们，他们来了；然后他们围在安拉的使者ﷺ周围，他说：‘你们看到古莱什的乌合之众及其追随者了吗？你们要杀掉他们，直到在Safa与我相遇。’（当时他）双手交叉握着。”

“...so he looked and saw me, and said: O Abu Hurayrah. I said: I am present, I am present Messenger of Allah, and so he said: Call the Ansar (supporters) to me, and no one other than them should come to me. So I called them, and they came; then they came around the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) who said: Do you see the rabble of Quraysh and their followers?: kill them until you meet me at Safa (and he was) tying his hands together.”.

穆斯林从阿拔斯·本·阿卜杜勒·穆塔利卜处传述，他说：

Muslim reported from ’Abbas b. ’Abd Al-Muttalib who said,

. أَيْ : يَ وْمَ حُنَ يْنٍ ... فَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ "شَهِدْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ عَبَّاسُ، نَادِ أَصْحَابَ السَّمُرَةِ، فَ قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ - وَكَانَ رَجُلاً صَيِّتاً - فَ قُلْتُ بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِي: أَيْنَ أَصْحَابُ السَّمُرَةِ، قَالَ: فَ وَاللَّهِ لَكَأَنَّ عَطْفَتَ هُمْ حِينَ سَمِعُوا صَوْتِي عَطْفَةُ الْبَ قَرِ عَلَى أَوْلاَدِهَا، فَ قَالُوا: يَا لَ بَّ يْكَ يَا لَ بَّ يْكَ ... " .

. أَيْ : يَ وْمَ حُنَ يْنٍ ... فَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ "شَهِدْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ عَبَّاسُ، نَادِ أَصْحَابَ السَّمُرَةِ، فَ قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ - وَكَانَ رَجُلاً صَيِّتاً - فَ قُلْتُ بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِي: أَيْنَ أَصْحَابُ السَّمُرَةِ، قَالَ: فَ وَاللَّهِ لَكَأَنَّ عَطْفَتَ هُمْ حِينَ سَمِعُوا صَوْتِي عَطْفَةُ الْبَ قَرِ عَلَى أَوْلاَدِهَا، فَ قَالُوا: يَا لَ بَّ يْكَ يَا لَ بَّ يْكَ ... " .

“我曾与安拉的使者一同见证了侯奈因之日……安拉的使者ﷺ说：‘阿拔斯啊，你去呼唤萨慕勒的人们（即在胡代比亚和约之前，同伴们在那棵树下向先知ﷺ宣誓效忠“里导旺”的那棵树）。’阿拔斯（他是一个声音洪亮的人）竭尽全力大声呼喊：‘萨慕勒的人们在哪里？’以安拉发誓，他们听到我的声音后，就像母牛回到小牛身边一样，回到了我们这里，并说：‘我们在，我们在。’”

“I witnessed the day of Hunayn with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) …The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said O ’Abbas, call out to the people of Samura (the tree under which the companions gave the Prophet (phuh) the Bay’a of Ridwan before the treaty of Al- Hudaybiyah). ’Abbas (who was a man with a loud voice) called out at the top of his voice: Where are the people of Samura? And by Allah, when they heard my voice, they came back (to us) as cows come back to their calves, and said: We are present, we are present”.

关于在战场上保持耐心、比敌人更有耐力的证据：安拉（SWT）说，

The evidences to have patience and more endurance than the enemy at the battlefield: Allah (swt) said,

“{ 信道的人啊！当你们与敌军相遇的时候，你们应当坚守，并多多念记真主，以便你们成功。}”（古兰经 8:45）。以及他（swt）说，

“O you who have believed, when you encounter a company [from the enemy forces], stand firm and remember Allah much that you may be successful.” (TMQ 8:45). And He (swt) said,

“{ 噢，信道的人们啊！你们应当坚忍，应当互相勉励坚忍，应当守望相助，应当敬畏真主，以便你们成功。}”（《古兰经》3:200）。至高无上的真主说道：

“O you who have believed, persevere and endure and remain stationed and fear Allah that you may be successful.” (TMQ 3:200). And He (swt) said,

“然后，你的主对于那些在被迫（放弃其宗教）之后迁徙，之后又为主道而战并且坚忍的人，你的主在此之后确实是至赦的，是至慈的”。（TMQ 16:110）

“Then, indeed your Lord, to those who emigrated after they had been compelled [to renounce their religion] and thereafter fought [for the cause of Allah] and were patient - indeed, your Lord, after that, is Forgiving and Merciful”. (TMQ 16:110).

穆斯林（Muslim）从贾比尔（Jabir）处传述，他说：

Muslim reported from Jabir who said.

. » عَلَى الْمَوْتِ، إِنَّمَا بَايَ عْنَاهُ عَلَى أَنْ لا نَفِرَّ لَمْ ن بَُايِعْ رَسُولَ اللهِ « .

. » عَلَى الْمَوْتِ، إِنَّمَا بَايَ عْنَاهُ عَلَى أَنْ لا نَفِرَّ لَمْ ن بَُايِعْ رَسُولَ اللهِ « .

“我们并非向安拉的使者ﷺ立誓以死相拼，我们所立的誓言是不逃离（战场）。”

“We did not give plege to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) upon death, we rather pledged not to flee (from battle)”.

布哈里（Al-Bukhari）记载，’Abdullah Bin Abi Awfa 说：真主的使者ﷺ说：

Al-Bukhari reported from ’Abdullah Bin Abi Awfa that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said.

. "إِذَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ فَاصْبِرُوا" .

. "إِذَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ فَاصْبِرُوا" .

“当你们与他们相遇（在战场上）时，要有耐心”。关于为军队做好准备、使其不致措手不及的证据：布哈里从艾布·胡莱赖（愿安拉喜悦他）处传述，先知ﷺ说。

“When you meet them (on the battlefield), have patience”. The proof for preparing the Army such that they are not taken by surprise: Al-Bukhari reported from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet (phuh) said.

. "... طُوبَى لِعَبْدٍ آخِذٍ بِعِنَانِ فَ رَسِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، أَشْعَثَ رَأْسُهُ، مُغْبَ رَّةٍ قَدَمَاهُ، إِنْ كَانَ فِي الْحِرَاسَةِ كَانَ فِي الْحِ رَاسَ ةِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي السَّاقَ ةِ كَانَ فِي السَّاقَ ةِ، إِنِ اسْ تَأْذَنَ لَمْ ي ؤُْذَنْ لَهُ، وَإِنْ شَفَعَ لَمْ يُشَفَّعْ " .

. "... طُوبَى لِعَبْدٍ آخِذٍ بِعِنَانِ فَ رَسِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، أَشْعَثَ رَأْسُهُ، مُغْبَ رَّةٍ قَدَمَاهُ، إِنْ كَانَ فِي الْحِرَاسَةِ كَانَ فِي الْحِ رَاسَ ةِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي السَّاقَ ةِ كَانَ فِي السَّاقَ ةِ، إِنِ اسْ تَأْذَنَ لَمْ ي ؤُْذَنْ لَهُ، وَإِنْ شَفَعَ لَمْ يُشَفَّعْ " .

“天堂（طوبى是天堂中的一棵树）属于那些手握缰绳、为真主之道而奋斗的人，他们蓬头垢面，双脚满是尘土。若他被派往先锋部队，他便full欣然安于守卫的职位；若他被派往后军，他也满意地接受自己的岗位。（他是如此朴实无华、毫无矫饰，）以至于他若请求允许，不会被准许；若他代人求情，他的说情也不会被接受。”

“Paradise (Tuba is a tree in Paradise) is for one who holds the reins to strive in the cause of Allah, with his hair unkempt and his feet covered with dust. If he is appointed in the vanguard, he is perfectly satisfied with his post of guarding, and if he is appointed in the rearward, he accepts his post with satisfaction; (he is so simple and unambiguous that) that if he asks for permission, he is not permitted, and if he intercedes, his intercession is not accepted”.

Al-Tirmidhi reported a narration that he considered Hasan from Ibn ’Abbas who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) say. . "عَ يْ نَانِ لا تَمَسُّهُمَا النَّارُ: عَيْنٌ بَكَتْ مِنْ خَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ، وَعَيْنٌ بَاتَتْ تَحْرُسُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ " .

Al-Tirmidhi reported a narration that he considered Hasan from Ibn ’Abbas who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) say. . "عَ يْ نَانِ لا تَمَسُّهُمَا النَّارُ: عَيْنٌ بَكَتْ مِنْ خَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ، وَعَيْنٌ بَاتَتْ تَحْرُسُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ " .

“两只眼睛不会被火狱触碰：一只是因畏惧真主而哭泣的眼睛，另一只是为真主之道而彻夜守望的眼睛。”

“Two eyes will not be touched by the hellfire: an eye that weeps out of the fear of Allah, and an eye that spends the night on guard in the cause of Allah”.

阿尔-哈基姆（Al-Hakim）记录了一段他认为可信的圣训，阿尔-达哈比（Al-Dhahabi）也予以确认，该圣训来自伊本·欧麦尔（Ibn Umar），他说：先知ﷺ说道。

Al-Hakim reported a narration he authenticated, and which Al-Dhahabi confirmed, from Ibn Umar that the Prophet (phuh) said.

. "أَلاَ أُنْبِئُكُمْ بِلَيْ لَةٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ لَيْ لَةِ القَدْرِ، حَارِسٌ حَرَسَ فِي أَرْضِ خَوْفٍ لَعَلَّهُ أَنْ لا يَ رْجِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ " .

. "أَلاَ أُنْبِئُكُمْ بِلَيْ لَةٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ لَيْ لَةِ القَدْرِ، حَارِسٌ حَرَسَ فِي أَرْضِ خَوْفٍ لَعَلَّهُ أَنْ لا يَ رْجِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ " .

“难道我不告诉你们一个胜过盖德尔之夜的夜晚吗？”（它是这样一个夜晚……）“一个在圣战中守卫在战乱（恐惧）之地的守卫者，他并不确定自己能否回到家人身边。”

“Should I not tell you about a night better than the night of Qadar? (It is one during which ..) A guard (in Jihad) guarding in a land of war (fear)and not sure wheather he will be back to his family.”.