第173条
Article 173
每周应当开设伊斯兰学科和阿拉伯语课程,其课时和课时量应与其他学科的课程相同。
There must be weekly classes in Islamic sciences and Arabic, with the same time and amount allocated as the classes for the rest of the sciences.
所教授的科目分为两类:一类是培养心智的科学知识,使人能够从事物的真实性与特性角度,以及从其与人性相适应的角度,来判断言语、行为和事物,例如化学、物理学、天文学、数学以及其他实验性科学。这类知识与人格的塑造没有直接关系。至于关于言语、行为和事物的伊斯兰教法知识,其目的在于阐明教法的规定性律例(Taklifi),即某事是否为义务、推荐、允许、厌恶或禁止,或阐明归属性律例(Ahkam Al-Wad’),例如某事是起因、条件还是阻碍,是特许(Rukhsa)还是本原律例('Azimah),是有效(Sahih)、无效(Batil)还是有瑕疵(Fasid),据此建立伊斯兰的心态。如果这些教法律例同时带有这样的目标:使穆斯林对事物、行为和言语采取伊斯兰的立场,即在倾向于它们或反对它们方面,在满足身体需求和本能时,取其所应取,舍其所应舍,那么伊斯兰的性情便得以建立。伊斯兰的人格由伊斯兰的心态和性情构成,而伊斯兰信仰('Aqeedah)则是其思想与倾向的基础。伊斯兰要求穆斯林思考宇宙、人类和生命的创造,正如安拉(SWT)所说:
The taught subjects are of two types: scientific knowledge to develop the mind, in order that the person can judge the words, actions and objects from the angle of their reality and characteristics, and from the angle of their adaptation to human nature – such as chemistry, physics, astronomy, mathematics and other experimental sciences. This knowledge has no direct relationship with the building of the personality. As for the Shari’ah knowledge of the words, actions and objects, in order to explain the defining Shari’ah rule (Taklifi), if it was obligatory, recommended, permitted, disliked or prohibited, or to explain the Ahkam Al-Wad’ such as whether it was a cause, condition or prevention, or a concession (Rukhsa) or an original rule (‘Azimah), or if it was valid (Sahih), void (Batil) or defective (Fasid), and accordingly the Islamic mentality is built. If these Shari’ah rules are accompanied by the goal of getting the Muslim to take an Islamic position towards objects, actions and words in terms of their inclinations towards or against them, and to take or leave them when fulfilling their bodily needs and instincts, then the Islamic disposition is built. The Islamic personality is built from the Islamic mentality and disposition, which makes the Islamic belief (‘Aqeedah) the basis for its thoughts and inclinations. Islam asks the Muslim to think about the creation of the universe, mankind and life, such as His (swt) words: