第119条
Article 119
任何男子或女子都不得从事任何可能败坏道德或导致社会腐败的工作。
It is prohibited for any man or woman to undertake any work which could undermine the morals, or causes corruption in the society.
本文的依据是拉菲·本·里法阿所传述的圣训,他说:
The evidence for this article is what was narrated from Rafi’ b. Rifa’ah who said.
. وَنَ هَانَا عَنْ كَسْبِ الأَمَةِ إِلاَّ مَا عَمِلَتْ بِيَدِهَا وَقَالَ هَكَذَا بِأَصَابِعِهِ نَحْوَ الْخَ بْزِ « » وَالْغَزْلِ وَالنَّ فْشِ .
. وَنَ هَانَا عَنْ كَسْبِ الأَمَةِ إِلاَّ مَا عَمِلَتْ بِيَدِهَا وَقَالَ هَكَذَا بِأَصَابِعِهِ نَحْوَ الْخَ بْزِ « » وَالْغَزْلِ وَالنَّ فْشِ .
“先知禁止我们从女奴身上获益,除非是她用双手所做的事情,并用手指比划着说‘像这样’,比如做面包、缝纫和书写”,此段圣训由艾哈迈德(Ahmad)收录,并经阿尔-扎因(Al-Zayn)认定为可靠,阿尔-哈基姆(Al-Hakim)也认定其可靠。换言之,他禁止女奴从事那些利用其女性身份的工作,而允许其他任何类型的工作。这一点可以从圣训中“除非是她用双手所做的事情”这一部分理解出来,即意在从她的劳动中获益,而其理解就是禁止利用她的女性身份。此外,伊斯兰教法原则“通向禁事的手段也是被禁止的”,禁止任何可能导致禁事的工作。还有伊斯兰教法原则“如果一件被允许的事物中,某一类会导致损害,那么只禁止那一类,而该事物本身仍然是被允许的”,据此,对于原本男女皆可从事的工作,如果某人(无论男女)所从事的具体工作必然导致对其本人、乌玛或社会的任何一种禁事,则禁止此人从事该工作。
“The Prophet forbade us from benefiting from the slave woman except that which she did with her hands, and said ‘in this manner’ with his fingers, such as bread-making, sewing, and inscribing” reported by Ahmad and authenticated by Al- Zayn, as well as Al-Hakim who also authenticate it; in other words, he prohibited the woman from any work which took advantage of her femininity, while allowing any other type of work. This is understood from the part of the narration which mentions “except that which she did with her hands”, in other words, intended to benefit from her efforts, and its understanding is the prohibition of taking advantage of her femininity. Also, the Shari’ah principle “The means to something forbidden is also forbidden” prohibits any work that could lead to anything forbidden. And the Shari’ah principle “If one type of a permitted thing leads to harm, only that one is prohibited, and the thing remains permitted” prohibits every person, male or female, from working in a job originally permitted for men and women, if the work for that person specifically would lead to a Haram for him, or the Ummah, or the society, whatever type of Haram that may be.