第一百六十六条
Article 166
国家发行自己独立的货币,不允许将其与任何外国货币挂钩。
The State issues its own independent currency, and it is not permitted for it to be linked to any foreign currency.
本文前半部分的证据,即赋予伊玛目管理事务之权的证据,是先知ﷺ的话:«الإِمَامُ رَاعٍ»(伊玛目是牧人)。
The evidence for the first half of this article is the evidence that gave the Imam the right to manage the affairs with the words of the Prophet : ,.» الإِمَامُ رَاعٍ «.
“伊玛目是监护人”(由布哈里从阿卜杜拉·本·欧麦尔(愿真主喜悦之)传述),而管理事务中包括安排那些属于许可范围的事务。为国家铸造特定的货币属于许可的事务,因此国家铸造特定货币是被允许的,同样,国家不这样做也是被允许的。先知ﷺ并没有依据特定且一贯的特征铸造特定货币,在他的时代,国家并没有自己的货币,这种情况在他的时代以及其后正统的哈里发时期一直保持不变,直至伍麦叶王朝初期,直到阿卜杜勒·马立克·本·marwan决定改变一切:将当时所使用的金银(无论是否铸币)全部改为带有伊斯兰铸造标记、重量相等且无任何差异的货币。于是,他用银铸造迪拉姆,用金铸造第纳尔,自那时起,伊斯兰的第纳尔和迪拉姆开始铸造,而在此之前它们并不为人所知。因此,发行货币是被允许的,对国家而言并非义务;但如果保障国家经济免于崩溃、保护其免受敌人侵害需要发行货币,那么发行便成为义务,这符合伊斯兰教法的原则:“义务所依赖而不可缺少的事物,本身也是义务。”
“The Imam is a guardian” (reported by Al-Bukhari from ‘Abd Allah (swt) Bin Umar), and organising the permitted issues is from the management of the affairs. To create a specific currency for the State is from the permitted issues, so it is permitted for the State to create a specific currency, and in the same way it is permitted for the State not to do so. The Messenger (pbuh) did not create a specific currency based upon specific consistent characteristics, and in his time the State did not have its own currency, and the situation remained the same throughout his time and the time of the righteous guided Khulafaa’ after him, and during the beginning of the Ummayad period up until the time of ‘Abd alMalik b. Marwan who decided to change everything from the gold and silver that was being used, whether minted or not, to the currency with an Islamic minting and of equal weight without any disparity. Consequently, he minted Dirhams from silver and Dinars from gold, and from that time the Islamic Dinars and Dirhams were minted whereas they were not known before then. So to issue a currency is permitted and is not obligatory upon the State, unless safeguarding the economy of the land from ruin and protecting it from its enemies required the issuing of a currency, at which point its issuance would be obligatory, in accordance with the Shari’ah principle: “That, without which the obligation cannot be accomplished, is itself an obligation”.