第158条
Article 158
国家通过以下方式,使所有公民都能更容易地满足其额外(非必需)的需求,并在社会中实现平等:
The State makes it easier for all the citizens to be able to satisfy their extra (non-essential) needs, and to achieve equality in society in the following way:
a. 通过从公库(Bayt Al-Mal)的资金、战利品以及类似的财产中发放流动资产和固定资产。
a. By giving out liquid and fixed assets from the funds of the Bayt Al-Mal, and from the war booties, and anything similar.
b. 将其部分耕地捐赠给土地不足的人。拥有土地却不加以利用的人,不会再获得更多土地。无力耕种自己土地的人,则会获得经济援助,使其能够进行耕种。
b. Donating some of its cultivated land to those who have insufficient land. Those who possess land but do not use it are not given more. Those who are unable to cultivate their land are given financial assistance to enable them to cultivate it.
c. 通过天课以及战利品等类似的资金,帮助无力偿还债务的人。
c. Giving help to those unable to repay their debts by providing funds from the Zakah, and the war booty, and anything similar.
证据如下,即第一点:真主(swt)将Bani Al-Nadir的财产赐予先知,让他按自己所愿交给任何人;而使者(pbuh)特意将其给予迁徙者(Muhajirun),而没有给予安莎尔(Ansar),除了其中两人之外,他并未给予安莎尔任何东西。Bani Al-Nadir的财产属于战利品,与战利品相似的,是其余由固定来源获得的财产,例如土地税,因为其支出的权力已交由伊玛目负责,由他依自己的见解和伊杰提哈德(Ijtihad)来支配,除非经文说明了应当如何支出,例如天课的各项开支,在这种情况下,除经文所提及的用途外,不得随意支出。这只适用于固定来源的收入;至于从穆斯林身上征收的税款,则不得随意分配,因为经文针对的是战利品,而对其进行类比时,应类推至与之相似的事物,即归于国库(Bayt Al-Mal)的固定收入来源。