第141条
Article 141
国家有权为了任何公共利益而保护部分荒地以及任何公有财产的某些部分。
The State is allowed to protect some of the dead land and any part of public property for any public interest.
证据是先知ﷺ所说的那段传述:
The evidence is the report that the Prophet said:
.» لا حَِِى إِلاَّ للهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ « .
.» لا حَِِى إِلاَّ للهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ « .
“除非是安拉(SWT)和祂的使者(ﷺ),否则不存在Hima(为放牧天课牲畜而设的保护区)。”这段圣训由布哈里从萨阿布·本·哲塔迈传述。所谓“保护”,就是把原本属于全体穆斯林的东西圈护起来,使人们无法利用,并将其据为己有;因此使者(ﷺ)禁止了这种做法,或者说,他禁止了这种行为。因此,任何人都不得这样做,包括哈里发为自己而做,因为他无权允许安拉所禁止的事情。基于这一理解,国家不得将属于公共财产的任何东西的所有权授予某个人,因为那样会导致其他人无法从中获益。至于国家本身,也就是哈里发,他可以为了穆斯林的利益(而非他自己的利益)而从死地和公共财产中取用某些东西,其依据是伊本·欧麦尔所传述的:
“There is no Hima (for grazing the animals of Zakah) except for Allah (swt) and His Messenger (pbuh).” reported by Al-Bukhari from Al-Sa’ab Bin Jathama, and the protection is to protect something that was for the general Muslims which then prevents the people from it, and to take it for themselves and so the Messenger (pbuh) prohibited that, or in other words, he forbade it. Therefore, it is not permitted for any person to do it including the Khalifah for himself, because he cannot permit what Allah (swt) forbade. From this understanding, it is prohibited for the State to give ownership to someone for anything that is part of public property, which would lead to the prevention of others benefiting from it. As for the State itself, in other words, the Khalifah, it is permitted for him to take something from the dead land and public property for the sake of the interests of the Muslims, and not his own, and the evidence for this is what was reported from Ibn Umar who said: