第172条
Article 172
教育的目标是塑造伊斯兰人格,并增进人们与生活事务相关的知识。教学方法的确立都是为了实现这一目标;凡是导向此目标以外之结果的方法,都是被禁止的。
The goal of education is to produce the Islamic personality and to increase peoples’ knowledge connected with life’s affairs. Teaching methods are established to achieve this goal; any method that leads to other than this goal is prevented.
这两条条文的实质是:教育方针的含义,即传授知识所依据的原则或各项原则;而教育的目标,则是提供这些知识所要达到的宗旨。因此,教育方针是建立其上的根基,教育目标则是设立教育时所要达成的意图。
The reality of these two articles is that the meaning of the educational policy is the principle, or principles, upon which information is given. As for the goal of the education, this is the objective which the provision of that information is aiming for. So the education policy is the basis which is built upon and the goal of education is the intention which is intended by establishing it.
因此,教育政策与所教授的学科相关联,教育的目标则与教学方法相关联。人的本质在于:他理解事物与行为,从而对它们作出判断;他理解事物与行为,从而倾向于它们。除此二者之外,别无其他。知识的本质在于:它要么是培养心智以便对行为与事物作出判断的知识,要么是关于那些实际行为与事物的知识,以便加以运用。除此二者之外,别无其他。伊斯兰以伊斯兰信仰(阿盖德)作为穆斯林生活的根基,作为其思想的根基,同样也作为其倾向的根基。《古兰经》中引发思考的经文,以及先知ﷺ引发思考的圣训,例如安拉(SWT)的话语:
Therefore, the education policy is connected to the subjects taught, and the goal of the education is connected to the methods of teaching. And the reality of man is that he comprehends things and actions, and so makes a judgement about them, and comprehends things and actions and so inclines towards them, and there is nothing which is outside of these two issues. The reality of information is that it is either information which develops the mentality in order to judge upon actions and things, and information about those actual actions and things in order to utilise them, and there is nothing which is outside of these two issues. Islam made the Islamic ‘Aqeedah the basis for the Muslim’s life, and the basis for his thoughts, and in the same manner the basis for his inclinations. The verses of the Quran, and the narrations of the Prophet which provoke thought, such as His (swt) words: