第53条
Article 53
哈里发任命总督。"Ummal"(官员/办事人员)由哈里发任命,若总督被授予此权力,则也可由总督任命。总督与官员的条件与助手的条件相同,因此必须是自由的、公正的、穆斯林的成年男性,并且是有能力胜任所分配工作的人,他们应从敬畏神(Taqwa)且有能力的人中选出。
The Khalifah appoints the governors. The ’Ummal (workers) are appointed by the Khalifah and by the governors if they have been delegated that power. The preconditions of the governor and ’Ummal are the same as the conditions for the assistants, so it is imperative that they are free, just, Muslim, adult men and are from the people who have the capability to do what they are assigned to, and they are chosen from the people of Taqwa (God fearing) and power.
本条款的证据是先知(愿主赐其平安)及其之后的圣门弟子的行为。先知(愿主赐其平安)过去会任命各地的总督或领袖,并赋予他们完整的统治权,例如阿慕尔·本·哈兹姆,他担任整个也门的总督。同样,先知(愿主赐其平安)有时也会授予某人部分的总督职责,例如穆阿兹·本·哲白勒和艾卜·穆萨,他们被派往也门境内彼此独立的各个地区,并对他们说了以下的话。
The evidence for this article is the action of the Messenger (pbuh) and the companions after him. The Messenger (pbuh) used to undertake the empowerment of the governors or leaders of the lands, and used to empower them with the full governorship as what happened with Amr b. Hazm, who was the governor over the whole of Yemen. In the same manner, the Messenger (pbuh) would sometimes empower someone with part of the responsibilities from the governorship, as what happened with Mu’adh Bin Jabal and Abu Musa, who were sent to provinces independent of each other in Yemen, and said to them.